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Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Jazz Repertory Movement?

A

Seeing Jazz as more than music and recognizing the history

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2
Q

Who is wynton Marsalis

A

Pulitzer Prize for Blood on the Feilds
Believed Jazz musicians belonged everywhere rather than just concert halls
Jazz is most American music

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3
Q

What is alternative rock?

A

Loud, distorted guitars
Angry vocals
Do it yourself Asthetic

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4
Q

What is grounge?

A

Heavy guitar and lazy vocals

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5
Q

What is napster?

A

Music sharing site
Sued by Metallica and Dr. Dre
P2P site (Peer to Peer)

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6
Q

What is P2P?

A

Stands for Peer to Peer

Way of sharing music online

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7
Q

What is the DMCA?

A

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Gives holder of copyright power to veto use of their work

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8
Q

What is the Sonny Bono Act?

A

Adds to copyright anything written from 1923 on until 2019

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9
Q

What are jam bands?

A

Focus on improvisation and live performances

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10
Q

What are roots rock?

A

Return to early rock sounds with an interest in folk

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11
Q

Who are singer-songwriters?

A

Musicians who sing their own songs

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12
Q

What is alternative country?

A

Blends traditional country with roots rock and punk

Referred to as “No Depression”

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13
Q

What is Americana?

A

Another term for Alternative Country

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14
Q

What is mainstream jazz?

A

Typical Jazz sound

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15
Q

What is hip-hop

A

Beat oriented with rap

Becomes less relatable as time goes on

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16
Q

What is alternative hip-hop?

A

Fits neither the gangster or mainstream hip-hop

The Gorillaz and Queen Latifah

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17
Q

What is “fair use”?

A

no formal permission is needed when used for criticism, scholarship, etc.

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18
Q

What is the Copyright Act?

A

Publishers have a right to control their music

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19
Q

What is plagiarism?

A

Using something that is copyrighted without permission

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20
Q

What is an MP3?

A

A music file

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21
Q

What is a remix?

A

A recorded song altered by adding, subtracting, or changing the dynamic balance between the textural layers, revising the song’s structure, (generally by lengthening), shifting the pitch or tempo or combining all of these

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22
Q

What is a mash up?

A

Two or more tracks combined to create a new song

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23
Q

Who is yo yo ma

A

Chinese Cellist
Founded the silk road project - promotes collaborations
Did collaborations of many different genres

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24
Q

Who is Steve Reich?

A

Has political overtones but focuses on individual experiences and emotions
4 movement structure

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25
What is slack key guitar?
Blended traditional Hawaiian music with western harmonies and popular music Requires re-tuning the guitar by lowering some of the strings so that their strings form a major chord These allow the guitarist to play combinations of notes that do are not easily played with standard tuning
26
What is Klezmer music?
a repertory of traditional Jewish songs and dances to which pieces are continually added
27
What is zydeco music?
French singers with a blend of cajun music, RnB, and blues
28
What is cajun music?
Centered on fiddle based dance music that resembles Celtic reels and jigs 10 button accordion as a lead instrument alongside the fiddle, guitar and spoons and new dances developed
29
What is conjunto?
A mexican style of music
30
What is peyote religion?
Blends christian and Shamanic practices Native American Church Has vocables and water drum
31
What is powwow?
Major expression of Indian culture
32
Who was William Bolcom?
Successfully made the bridge between academia and popular styles Combined classical, jazz, rock and soul
33
What is post modernism?
Postmodernism is a continuation and a questioning of dividing lines between past and present, classical and popular, and creators and composers
34
Who is John Adams?
Worked to create music which combined minimalism, tonality, and sound drawn from big band, orchestra, rock, and modernist
35
What is postminimalism?
Combination of minimalism, tonality and sound drawn from big band, orchestra, rock and modernist
36
Who is Bernad Herrmann?
Film music Used heavy percussion Composed for Psycho
37
Who is John Williams?
Uses leitmotiff | Wrote for jaws and Star Wars
38
What is a leitmotiff?
A musical theme for a character
39
Who is Danny Elfman?
Wrote BATMAN Fuses the idea of high concept and artistic approach The simpsons
40
What was MTV?
Chanel designed to only show music videos
41
What is scratching?
Manually moving the record back and fourth
42
What is cutting or looping?
Alternating between two of the same records to repeat one section
43
What is beat matching?
Having both turntables going at the same tempo?
44
What is beat juggling?
Combined scratching, cutting, and beat matching to create new music from snippets of preexisting music
45
What is break dancing?
Gymnastic dance moves
46
What is toasting?
Exchange of humorous stories
47
What is progressive rock?
Concept albums featuring large-scale compositions often based on Eastern spirituality, often using Indian instruments or music reminiscent of Indian music
48
What is AOR?
Album Oriented Rock | Evolved from progressive rock to have a greater aappeal
49
What is punk?
Rebellious songs that were typically short, loud, and fast
50
What is new wave?
Softer sounding punk | Appeals to more audiences
51
What is outlaw country?
Rebellion against commercial country
52
What is Philadelphia Soul?
Linked to Philadelphia International record label | Had their own producers, studio musicians, singers and songwriters
53
What is Blaxploitation?
Film genre that dealt with urban ghetto life | Focused on crime with black cast members
54
What is a 12 inch single?
A disco song was recorded onto a 12 inch single so they could be used by DJs
55
What are fusion style traits?
Electric instruments with rock rhythms and use of horns and latin rhythms
56
What did Stephen Sondheim do?
Wrote West side story | more character development in the music
57
Who is Phillip Glass?
Had a small ensemble, used synthesizers, and refused to let others play his music
58
Einstein on the Beach
An opera with no plot by phillip Glass He believed audience would bring their own story
59
What is microtonality?
Intervals smaller than 1/2 step
60
Who is Lou Harrison?
Does microtonality
61
Who is Harry Partch?
Created his own instruments for microtoality
62
What is soul jazz?
Used gospel and church influence | rooted in blues
63
What is Model Jazz?
Developed by Miles Davis | Discards traditional chord changes in favor of a single scale
64
What is free jazz?
Experiments with total freedom
65
What is minimalism?
Writing lengthy pieces based off a small amount of musical material
66
Who is Phil Spector?
Known for the wall of sound | A method of having the music drown out the vocals
67
What is the Brill Building?
Modern Tin Pan Alley | Goal is to make song popular
68
Who is Bob Dylan?
Always spoke his mind in music | Bridged gap between folkies and beaties
69
What is the British Invasion?
Many British musicians were coming to america and performing
70
What is phase music?
Uses phasing as an instrument
71
What is Nashville Sound?
country-style vocals accompanied by studio musicians, downplaying traditional instruments like fiddle and banjo in favor of guitar and piano; also background singers and string sections
72
What is Bakersfield sound?
Traditional honky-tonks sounds with pedal steel guitar, fiddle, high pitched harmonies
73
What is soul music?
Like RnB but had more black gospel elements
74
Who is James Brown?
Father of soul music | Accompanied dancing into performances
75
Motown and Stax
Motown used popular sound
76
What were the two new studio techniques?
Overdubbing and reverb
77
Who was Bill Monroe?
He structured his music around improvisation | Music pitched very high
78
What are typical bluegrass instruments?
Fiddle, guitar, banjo, mandolin. and bass
79
What is honky-tonk music
Lyrics reflect the concerns of the listeners | Fast tempos, major keys, danceable rhythms
80
What are chicago blues?
Electrified delta blues
81
What are indie labels?
Independent labels that typically had their own style | Mostly recorded RNB
82
What started rock n roll?
``` Driven by teen market Kinda rebellious Driving rhythm Strong backbeat 12 bar blues form Amplified instruments Blues influenced singing ```
83
Who is Alan Freed?
Cleveland radio host that coined Rock N Roll term
84
What are crossovers?
Records moving from one chart to another | Moves from Pop to RNB
85
What is West Side Story?
one of the first musicals that ends tragically
86
What is twelve tone music?
Using twelve notes in a pattern and repeating that pattern
87
Who is Arnold Schoenberg?
Created twelve tone music
88
What is misque concrete?
Manipulating a tape that has the sound of nature on it
89
Who is edgar varese?
Used manipulation techniques
90
What is poeme electronique?
A piece written by Varese that introduces misque concrete to the public
91
What is a synthesizer?
Synthesizers can make sounds which do not exist with no need for tape, and all aspects of the sound can be controlled
92
Who is john caage?
Invented prepared piano and chance music
93
What is prepared piano?
A piano with objects placed on or between the strings to alter the sound
94
What is chance music?
One or all aspects are left up to chance (performer's choice)
95
What is bebop?
A jazz style that promotes improvisation | New melodies written to old chord changes
96
What are contrafacts?
New melodies written to old chord changes
97
Who is charlie parker?
Helped create bebop
98
What is head?
The tune's composed melody
99
Who is miles davis?
Invented cool jazz
100
What is cool jazz?
Jazz that is refrained and fluid and marked by intricate harmonic structures lagging behind the beat
101
What is hard bop?
Grittier more blues based bebop
102
Who is tito puente?
Wrote mambo dance music

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