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Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Jazz Repertory Movement?

A

Seeing Jazz as more than music and recognizing the history

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2
Q

Who is wynton Marsalis

A

Pulitzer Prize for Blood on the Feilds
Believed Jazz musicians belonged everywhere rather than just concert halls
Jazz is most American music

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3
Q

What is alternative rock?

A

Loud, distorted guitars
Angry vocals
Do it yourself Asthetic

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4
Q

What is grounge?

A

Heavy guitar and lazy vocals

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5
Q

What is napster?

A

Music sharing site
Sued by Metallica and Dr. Dre
P2P site (Peer to Peer)

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6
Q

What is P2P?

A

Stands for Peer to Peer

Way of sharing music online

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7
Q

What is the DMCA?

A

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Gives holder of copyright power to veto use of their work

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8
Q

What is the Sonny Bono Act?

A

Adds to copyright anything written from 1923 on until 2019

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9
Q

What are jam bands?

A

Focus on improvisation and live performances

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10
Q

What are roots rock?

A

Return to early rock sounds with an interest in folk

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11
Q

Who are singer-songwriters?

A

Musicians who sing their own songs

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12
Q

What is alternative country?

A

Blends traditional country with roots rock and punk

Referred to as “No Depression”

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13
Q

What is Americana?

A

Another term for Alternative Country

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14
Q

What is mainstream jazz?

A

Typical Jazz sound

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15
Q

What is hip-hop

A

Beat oriented with rap

Becomes less relatable as time goes on

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16
Q

What is alternative hip-hop?

A

Fits neither the gangster or mainstream hip-hop

The Gorillaz and Queen Latifah

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17
Q

What is “fair use”?

A

no formal permission is needed when used for criticism, scholarship, etc.

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18
Q

What is the Copyright Act?

A

Publishers have a right to control their music

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19
Q

What is plagiarism?

A

Using something that is copyrighted without permission

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20
Q

What is an MP3?

A

A music file

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21
Q

What is a remix?

A

A recorded song altered by adding, subtracting, or changing the dynamic balance between the textural layers, revising the song’s structure, (generally by lengthening), shifting the pitch or tempo or combining all of these

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22
Q

What is a mash up?

A

Two or more tracks combined to create a new song

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23
Q

Who is yo yo ma

A

Chinese Cellist
Founded the silk road project - promotes collaborations
Did collaborations of many different genres

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24
Q

Who is Steve Reich?

A

Has political overtones but focuses on individual experiences and emotions
4 movement structure

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25
Q

What is slack key guitar?

A

Blended traditional Hawaiian music with western harmonies and popular music
Requires re-tuning the guitar by lowering some of the strings so that their strings form a major chord
These allow the guitarist to play combinations of notes that do are not easily played with standard tuning

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26
Q

What is Klezmer music?

A

a repertory of traditional Jewish songs and dances to which pieces are continually added

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27
Q

What is zydeco music?

A

French singers with a blend of cajun music, RnB, and blues

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28
Q

What is cajun music?

A

Centered on fiddle based dance music that resembles Celtic reels and jigs
10 button accordion as a lead instrument alongside the fiddle, guitar and spoons and new dances developed

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29
Q

What is conjunto?

A

A mexican style of music

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30
Q

What is peyote religion?

A

Blends christian and Shamanic practices
Native American Church
Has vocables and water drum

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31
Q

What is powwow?

A

Major expression of Indian culture

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32
Q

Who was William Bolcom?

A

Successfully made the bridge between academia and popular styles
Combined classical, jazz, rock and soul

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33
Q

What is post modernism?

A

Postmodernism is a continuation and a questioning of dividing lines between past and present, classical and popular, and creators and composers

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34
Q

Who is John Adams?

A

Worked to create music which combined minimalism, tonality, and sound drawn from big band, orchestra, rock, and modernist

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35
Q

What is postminimalism?

A

Combination of minimalism, tonality and sound drawn from big band, orchestra, rock and modernist

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36
Q

Who is Bernad Herrmann?

A

Film music
Used heavy percussion
Composed for Psycho

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37
Q

Who is John Williams?

A

Uses leitmotiff

Wrote for jaws and Star Wars

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38
Q

What is a leitmotiff?

A

A musical theme for a character

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39
Q

Who is Danny Elfman?

A

Wrote BATMAN
Fuses the idea of high concept and artistic approach
The simpsons

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40
Q

What was MTV?

A

Chanel designed to only show music videos

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41
Q

What is scratching?

A

Manually moving the record back and fourth

42
Q

What is cutting or looping?

A

Alternating between two of the same records to repeat one section

43
Q

What is beat matching?

A

Having both turntables going at the same tempo?

44
Q

What is beat juggling?

A

Combined scratching, cutting, and beat matching to create new music from snippets of preexisting music

45
Q

What is break dancing?

A

Gymnastic dance moves

46
Q

What is toasting?

A

Exchange of humorous stories

47
Q

What is progressive rock?

A

Concept albums featuring large-scale compositions often based on Eastern spirituality, often using Indian instruments or music reminiscent of Indian music

48
Q

What is AOR?

A

Album Oriented Rock

Evolved from progressive rock to have a greater aappeal

49
Q

What is punk?

A

Rebellious songs that were typically short, loud, and fast

50
Q

What is new wave?

A

Softer sounding punk

Appeals to more audiences

51
Q

What is outlaw country?

A

Rebellion against commercial country

52
Q

What is Philadelphia Soul?

A

Linked to Philadelphia International record label

Had their own producers, studio musicians, singers and songwriters

53
Q

What is Blaxploitation?

A

Film genre that dealt with urban ghetto life

Focused on crime with black cast members

54
Q

What is a 12 inch single?

A

A disco song was recorded onto a 12 inch single so they could be used by DJs

55
Q

What are fusion style traits?

A

Electric instruments with rock rhythms and use of horns and latin rhythms

56
Q

What did Stephen Sondheim do?

A

Wrote West side story

more character development in the music

57
Q

Who is Phillip Glass?

A

Had a small ensemble, used synthesizers, and refused to let others play his music

58
Q

Einstein on the Beach

A

An opera with no plot
by phillip Glass
He believed audience would bring their own story

59
Q

What is microtonality?

A

Intervals smaller than 1/2 step

60
Q

Who is Lou Harrison?

A

Does microtonality

61
Q

Who is Harry Partch?

A

Created his own instruments for microtoality

62
Q

What is soul jazz?

A

Used gospel and church influence

rooted in blues

63
Q

What is Model Jazz?

A

Developed by Miles Davis

Discards traditional chord changes in favor of a single scale

64
Q

What is free jazz?

A

Experiments with total freedom

65
Q

What is minimalism?

A

Writing lengthy pieces based off a small amount of musical material

66
Q

Who is Phil Spector?

A

Known for the wall of sound

A method of having the music drown out the vocals

67
Q

What is the Brill Building?

A

Modern Tin Pan Alley

Goal is to make song popular

68
Q

Who is Bob Dylan?

A

Always spoke his mind in music

Bridged gap between folkies and beaties

69
Q

What is the British Invasion?

A

Many British musicians were coming to america and performing

70
Q

What is phase music?

A

Uses phasing as an instrument

71
Q

What is Nashville Sound?

A

country-style vocals accompanied by studio musicians, downplaying traditional instruments like fiddle and banjo in favor of guitar and piano; also background singers and string sections

72
Q

What is Bakersfield sound?

A

Traditional honky-tonks sounds with pedal steel guitar, fiddle, high pitched harmonies

73
Q

What is soul music?

A

Like RnB but had more black gospel elements

74
Q

Who is James Brown?

A

Father of soul music

Accompanied dancing into performances

75
Q

Motown and Stax

A

Motown used popular sound

76
Q

What were the two new studio techniques?

A

Overdubbing and reverb

77
Q

Who was Bill Monroe?

A

He structured his music around improvisation

Music pitched very high

78
Q

What are typical bluegrass instruments?

A

Fiddle, guitar, banjo, mandolin. and bass

79
Q

What is honky-tonk music

A

Lyrics reflect the concerns of the listeners

Fast tempos, major keys, danceable rhythms

80
Q

What are chicago blues?

A

Electrified delta blues

81
Q

What are indie labels?

A

Independent labels that typically had their own style

Mostly recorded RNB

82
Q

What started rock n roll?

A 
Driven by teen market
Kinda rebellious
Driving rhythm
Strong backbeat
12 bar blues form
Amplified instruments
Blues influenced singing
83
Q

Who is Alan Freed?

A

Cleveland radio host that coined Rock N Roll term

84
Q

What are crossovers?

A

Records moving from one chart to another

Moves from Pop to RNB

85
Q

What is West Side Story?

A

one of the first musicals that ends tragically

86
Q

What is twelve tone music?

A

Using twelve notes in a pattern and repeating that pattern

87
Q

Who is Arnold Schoenberg?

A

Created twelve tone music

88
Q

What is misque concrete?

A

Manipulating a tape that has the sound of nature on it

89
Q

Who is edgar varese?

A

Used manipulation techniques

90
Q

What is poeme electronique?

A

A piece written by Varese that introduces misque concrete to the public

91
Q

What is a synthesizer?

A

Synthesizers can make sounds which do not exist with no need for tape, and all aspects of the sound can be controlled

92
Q

Who is john caage?

A

Invented prepared piano and chance music

93
Q

What is prepared piano?

A

A piano with objects placed on or between the strings to alter the sound

94
Q

What is chance music?

A

One or all aspects are left up to chance (performer’s choice)

95
Q

What is bebop?

A

A jazz style that promotes improvisation

New melodies written to old chord changes

96
Q

What are contrafacts?

A

New melodies written to old chord changes

97
Q

Who is charlie parker?

A

Helped create bebop

98
Q

What is head?

A

The tune’s composed melody

99
Q

Who is miles davis?

A

Invented cool jazz

100
Q

What is cool jazz?

A

Jazz that is refrained and fluid and marked by intricate harmonic structures lagging behind the beat

101
Q

What is hard bop?

A

Grittier more blues based bebop

102
Q

Who is tito puente?

A

Wrote mambo dance music

Music (6 decks)

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