FINAL EXAM Flashcards
As of 2014, which of the following individuals could expect to have the highest life expectancy?
a white female
Kristof does not really like to exercise, but after his wife pesters him about, it he starts going out for 30-minute jogs every Saturday and Sunday. “That’s not enough to make a difference,” his wife tells him angrily. What would research say about his wife’s comments?
Even people who only exercise a couple of times a week can show reduction in heart disease and cancer.
Sumita just found out that she has an exam tomorrow in her social philosophy class, and she has not read the text or studied at all. She is now experiencing an unpleasant state in response to this news. Sumita is currently feeling
stress
Nicholas has just learned that his wife was in a car accident. His adrenal glands are releasing cortisol into his bloodstream as a result of activation of his hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway. What will be the physiological result of this hormone release?
Nicholas will experience an increase in glucose levels in his bloodstream.
Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), proposed by Hans Selye, is analogous to Walter Canon’s “fight-or-flight” response?
alarm
According to Shelley Taylor and colleagues (Taylor, 2006; Taylor et al., 2002), women are more likely than men to adapt a __________ response when experiencing stress.
You Answered
tend-and-befriend
Which characteristic, frequently seen in those with a Type A behavior pattern, is the most toxic with regard to its relationship to heart disease?
hostility
After a particularly bad day at work during which his supervisor reprimands him for something that he didn’t do, Sebastian stops at the bar on the way home to have a few drinks. When the bartender asks him what’s wrong, Sebastian says, “I don’t even want to think about it, buddy.” Sebastian is using __________-focused coping.
emotion
According to positive psychologists, happiness is comprised of three different components. They include all of the following EXCEPT
adequate material possessions.
The benefits of __________ are summarized by the following quotation: “People need to feel that they are ‘something more than just a momentary blip in the universe.’”
spirituality
Maritza is a high school student who belongs to the “athlete crowd.” She finds that she tends not to like the “music crew,” and she and her athletic friends often make fun of the band and orchestra students. In this case, the “athlete” crowd represents a(n) __________ for Maritza.
ingroup
Lisa hates Bob. Lisa’s best friend, Kendra, has never met Bob, but after listening to Lisa rant, Kendra decides that she also hates him. If you were to ask Kendra why she feels this way, she might not be able to tell you directly why she has these feelings toward someone she has never met. This tendency is called
transitivity
While Wayne is walking from his class to the bus stop, he is approached by a disheveled, dirty man who is clearly homeless. The man asks Wayne for spare change, but Wayne walks by without saying a word. He is not moved by the homeless man’s situation, and does not see this person as a human being who is in need .Which part of Wayne’s brain may be less active during this situation?
medial prefrontal cortex
When Jazmine is at the library by herself, she tends to goof off. She frequently checks her Facebook account, plays online games, and listens to music. When her friends show up to study together, she concentrates and studies in a very focused and responsible manner. The fact that the presence of others improves Jazmine’s performance demonstrates
social facilitation
Which of the following is NOT one of the considerations that relates to the bystander intervention effect?
the desire to earn rewards for providing assistance
The brothers of the Sigma Alpha Mu (SAM) fraternity often feel a sense of competition with the brothers of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) fraternity. The two groups regard each other as rivals. What might be an effective way to reduce this outgroup bias between the members of both fraternities?
having them do a joint fundraiser for a children’s hospital
When she first went to her physics class, Cheyenne thought that her professor was a nerd because he was tall, skinny, wore glasses, and didn’t dress very well. However, after going to every class three days each week for six weeks, she found that she liked her professor, thought he was funny, and didn’t see him as negatively as she had on the first day of class. Cheyenne’s change in attitude might be because of the __________effect.
mere exposure
Javon is sitting at lunch when a woman sits down at the table next to him. He initially thinks that she is very beautiful, but when he overhears her speaking in a foreign language he suddenly finds her less attractive. Javon is not aware that he has a bias against people from different countries, but in this instance his bias became clear. Javon’s bias would be best described as
implicit
Nelson does not like it when people driving around his neighborhood blast music so loudly that he can hear it in his home, but when he drives down the street he always has his windows open and plays his music at maximum volume. “As long as I’m driving past people’s homes, the music won’t bother them for more than a second or two,” he tells himself. He disregards the fact that his neighbors have often asked him to stop this because the noise disturbs them. Nelson’s rationalization is helping him to reduce
cognitive dissonance
When you see a television commercial asking you to buy the latest and greatest set of knives, but the commercial only focuses on attractive models and not the actual qualities of the product, the advertiser is attempting to utilize the __________ path to persuasion.
peripheral
Although Rebecca told Marcie, “I still love you and I still want to be together,” she did not make eye contact, her shoulders were slumped, and her head was turned away. Marcie knew by reading Rebecca’s __________ that their relationship was probably over.
nonverbal behavior
When Bryna showed up late to class four days in a row, her professor Dr. Lowe assumed that she was not taking class seriously and that she was lazy. Dr. Lowe was not aware that Bryna’s mother was ill and that Bryna had to take care of her every morning before leaving for class. Dr. Lowe was making the
fundamental attribution error.
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about stereotypes?
By definition, stereotypes are neutral (that is, they are not positive or negative).
Mr. Benennatti believes that white privilege is simply a figment of the imagination of black people, and while he never mistreats a person of color, he also actively campaigns against programs to help black people increase their standing and prospects in society. Mr. Benennatti is demonstrating __________ racism.
modern
Which of the following principles explains why a high school student is more likely to date a person in her school than someone who goes to school on the other side of town?
proximity
When Alvin goes into the first meeting of his physics class, he sees that the instructor is an older woman whom he finds to be rather unattractive. Later, in his anatomy class, the instructor is a younger woman who he thinks is very pretty. Alvin immediately assumes that his physics class is going to be a drag and his anatomy class is going to be amazing. This is an example of the __________ stereotype
“what is beautiful is good”
Several different research studies using twin participants have found that genetic factors account for about __________ of the variance between individuals for all personality traits.
one-half
Which of the following statements supports the idea that genes interact with one’s environment to produce personality?
Markus has the genes to be 6’3’’ tall, but because he was malnourished as a baby he is only 5’9’’ as an adult.
Sarah takes her daughter Mahalia to a classmate’s birthday party. At the celebration, Mahalia does not talk to any of the other children, keeps to herself, and watches the others playing from afar. Mahalia would be described as being low in the __________ component of temperament
sociability
Dr. Kantella believes that people often use defense mechanisms like rationalization or denial to help themselves deal with the different parts of their lives. “It can be easier to hide from reality than to face it,” she says. Dr. Kantella is probably a follower of the __________ approach to personality.
psychodynamic
Joanna is usually a very reserved and introverted person; however, earlier today she got the news that her sister is expecting a child, so she becomes ecstatic because she loves babies and has wanted to be an aunt since her sister got married. She is now talking to everyone in her dormitory, telling them all about the big news. Joanna’s behavior in this case is a good example of
situationism
