Final Exam Flashcards
Who is the father of industrial engineering?
Frederic Winslow Taylor
What is craft?
Craft means an activity involving skill in making things by hand.
Who invented the steam engine and when was it invented?
James Watt in 1764.
Who invented the assembly line?
Henry Ford in 1913.
Who invented the division of labor?
Adam Smith in 1776.
Who invented the time and motion study?
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in 1922.
What is the goal of an industrial engineer?
- Make the businessman happy
- Make the worker happy
- Make the customer happy
What are the 6 Pillars of the IE Way?
- Systems Thinking
- Process Thinking
- Customer Centricity
- Metric Based
- Continuous Improvement
- Quality Orientation
What does KISS stand for?
Keep It Short and Simple.
What are included in the SIPOC diagram?
- Supplier
- Input
- Process
- Output
- Customer
What is a system?
A system is an organized collection of subsystems that are highly integrated to accomplish an overall goal.
What is an organization?
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
What are the 7 Dimensions of Organizational Culture?
- Team Orientation (Team vs. Individual)
- Aggressiveness (Competition vs. Cooperation)
- Stability (Status Quo vs. Growth)
- Innovation and Risk-taking (High Risk High Return vs. Low Risk Low Return)
- Attention to Detail (Attention to Detail vs. General Content)
- Outcome Orientation (Outcome vs. Means)
- People Orientation (People-Oriented vs. Task-Oriented)
What are the core function of an organization?
- Operations
- Marketing
- Finance
What is management?
Management ensured that the distinct purpose of the organization is achieved by the people through the deliberate structure.
What are the difference of vision and mission?
Vision is where you want to be. It details the values, philosophies, and beliefs of the organization and has a vague suggestion of action. It’s emotional and inspiring.
Mission is how will the organization get to where they want to be. It states the purpose and objective to customers. It’s objective and tangible.
What are parts of a problem statement?
- Deviation from ideal to real
- “Something that makes you cry”
- Metric-based symptoms
What are examples of problem-solving tools?
- Brainstorming
- Why-Why Analysis
- Ishikawa/Fish Diagram
- Check Sheet
- Pareto Chart
What are the six categories in an Ishikawa Diagram?
- Environment
- Material
- Machine
- Management
- Methods
- Man
What is productivity?
Productivity is the measure of efficiency and effectiveness.
What is the difference of efficiency and effectiveness?
Efficiency is doing things right while effectiveness is doing the right thing.
How to improve productivity?
Since productivity is a measure of output over input, we can either increase the output produced or decrease the input required.
What is methods engineering?
Methods engineering is the systematic examination of methods to improve effective use of resources and set up standards of performance.
What is methods study?
Methods study is the principal technique of reducing the work involved by eliminating unnecessary movements and substituting good methods for poor ones.
What does the acronym DOWNTIME stands for?
- Defective
- Overproduction
- Waiting
- Not Utilizing Talent
- Transportation
- Inventory
- Motion
- Excess Processing
What is value stream mapping?
Value stream mapping is a process documentation tool used to break down a process into the simplest subprocesses while identifying the non-value adding activities.
What are the three types of activities?
- Value Adding
- Non-Value Adding
- Business Non-Value Adding
What is the bottleneck process?
The bottleneck process is the longest process in an assembly line.
What is time study?
Time study is a work measurement technique for recording the times of performing a certain job under specified conditions, for analyzing the data to obtain the time necessary for an operator to carry it out at a defined rate of performance.
How to compute for the standard time?
- Calculate the Observed Time by averaging all recorded observation per activity.
- Calculate Normal Time (Normal Time = Observed Time 𐄂 Performance Rating)
- Sum all Normal Time of each activity to get the process normal time.
- Calculate the Standard Time to account for the allowance (Standard Time = Normal Time 𐄂 (1 + Allowance)
What is work sampling?
Work sampling is a work measurement technique used to investigate the proportions of total time devoted to the various activities that constitute a job or workstation.
What is ergonomics?
Ergonomics is the scientific study of human abilities, limitations, and characteristics for the appropriate design of the living and working environments to ensure that the work system is conducive to good performance and compatible with the health, safety, and comfort of the individual.
What are different types of stressors?
- Environmental
- Physiological
- Life Stress
What are the steps in product design?
- Identify market opportunity
- Create a product that appeals to the market
- Engineer and refine the product until ready
What are the different stages of a product life cycle?
- Introduction
- Growth
- Maturity
- Decline
What are the two types of solution?
Simple and inventive solution.
What is facilities planning?
Facilities planning involves determining where (location) and how (layout) facilities must be designed to best serve its purpose.
Why is facilities planning important?
- High capital investment
- Irreversible
- Affects the entire organization
What is the factor rating method?
- List most important factors
- Assign max points/weight per factor
- Score candidates
- Determine the total score of each candidate
What is the center of gravity method?
What are the different types of production?
- Job Shop
- Batch
- Repetitive
- Continuous
- Mass Customization
What is Muther’s Systematic Layout Planning?
- Using Demand and Operation Sequence, construct the from-to chart
- Determine the relationship ratings (A, E, I, O, U, X)
- Construct the relationship chart.
- Construct the activity relationship diagram.
- Construct the space relationship layout.
- Construct the block layout.
What is operations research?
Operations research is systematic investigation to reach a conclusion on how to best perform any significant activity/function.
What is optimization?
Optimization is determining how to perform a function in the most productive way.
What are the basic components of an operations research model?
- Decision Variable
- Objective Function
- Constraint
What is the Hungarian Model?
What is queuing theory?
Queuing theory is the mathematical study of waiting line.
What are the six parameters in Kendall-Lee Notation?
- Arrival Process
- Service Process
- # Servers
- Queuing Discipline
- System Capacity
- Calling Population
What are the different queuing performance measures?
Why do queues accumulate?
- Fast customer arrival rate
- Few server to serve customers
- Long service time
What are 3 solutions to reduce queues?
- Increase capacity
- Decrease demand
- Balance supply and demand.
Why is a single line better?
- Guarantees fairness
- No customer anxiety regarding choice of server
- Jockeying is avoided
- Shorter average waiting time
What are customer attitudes in queuing?
- Balking - When an arriving customer chooses not to enter a queue because it is already too long.
- Reneging - When a customer already in queue gives up and exits without being serviced.
- Jockeying - When a customer switches between alternate queues in an effort to reduce waiting time.
How to mitigate the effect of long queues?
- Use the customer as resource
- Distract the customer while waiting
- Provide pessimistic estimates of waiting time
What is decision theory?
Decision theory provides a framework for making important decision and choosing the best one.
What are three situations under decision theory?
- Decision Under Certainty
- Decision Under Risk
- Decision Under Uncertainty
What is the solution for decision under certainty?
- List down the alternatives and criteria
- Assign points for each alternative
- Get the weighted score for each alternative
- Determine the best alternative
What is the solution for decision under risk?
Create a decision tree and calculate the expected payoff for each decision.
What are the solutions for decision under uncertainty?
- Minimax
- Regret
- Laplace
What is the Minimax solution?
Minimizing the maximum.
What is the Regret solution?
Minimizing the regret.
What is the laplace solution?
Getting the average.
What is a project?
A project is a temporary and unique set of activities to accomplish a unique objective under a certain timeframe.
What are the five phases of project management?
- Initiation
- Planning
- Execution
- Control
- Closure
What is initiation?
Initiation is determining feasibility through market analysis, technical analysis, financial analysis, and social profitability analysis.
What are the functions of management?
- Plan
- Organize
- Lead
- Control
What is anthropometry?
Anthropometry is the measurement of body parts for the design of materials, machine, equipment to prevent work related problems.
What are risk factors in the workplace?
- Force exertion
- Vibration
- Contact stress
- Repetitive motion
- Awkward posture
What are the environmental factors in the workplace?
- Lighting
- Noise
- Thermal
- Vibration
How did different design aspects evolved over time?
- 1980s - Design for Manufacturing
- 1990s - Design for Quality
- 2000s - Design for Ergonomics
- 2010s - Design for Environment
What are the two layout types?
Product layout and process layout
What are the four types of analysis done in a feasibility study?
- Market analysis
- Financial analysis
- Technical analysis
- Social profitability analysis
