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Intro to Philosophy > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cosmological argument?

A

The existence of the universe requires a maker, it all has a cause since all else has a physical cause

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2
Q

What is the teleological argument?

A

A feature of the universe, natural laws, a mind behind it, intelligent design theory

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3
Q

What is the anthropic princepal?

A

Comes from intelligent design theory, universe seems to be based on math mathematical theory of universe and evolution of Homo sapiens.

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4
Q

What is the ontological argument?

A

The idea of god requires he exist, either in the imagination or reality, therefor if he only exists in the imagination therefor he must exist

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5
Q

What is the problem of evil? Logical/Evidential

A

Logical/Evidential. Logical is that if god is omnipotent he would do something about evil but free will explains this. Evidential is that why doesn’t god interfere

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6
Q

What is projection theory?

A

That we made god to fit in our image

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7
Q

What is exclusivism?

A

Those who view their religion as the only truth

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8
Q

What is inclusivism?

A

Humans everywhere may have potential revelations but final revelation is my religions

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9
Q

What is pluralism?

A

All religions are responses to transcendent golden rule of religion

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10
Q

What is free will theory?

A

In order to be morally responsible I have to have metaphysical freedom

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11
Q

What is soft determinism?

A

All events are determined we are morally responsible of our actions in the cases are have circumstantial freedom to do it

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12
Q

What is hard determinism?

A

In modern science it’s taken over domains of thinking, there is no moral responsibility, we can talk about morality and punish people its always just to redirect behavior

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13
Q

What is circumstantial freedom?

A

Refers to the degree you are personally free, what our circumstances allow, changes per person, context in which you are born

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14
Q

What is contracausal freedom?

A

You could of done otherwise, making a choice of following duty or desires

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15
Q

What is methodic doubt?

A

All teachings to this time can be doubted

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16
Q

What does cogito ergo sum mean?

A

Descartes; I think therefor I am

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17
Q

What does esse est percipe mean?

A

Berkeley; To be is to be perceived

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18
Q

What is falsifibility?

A

By falsifying hypothesis and never actually proving something, things have to be falsifiable

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19
Q

What is immortality of the soul?

A

In Christian faith through Catholic Church continued existence of the soul

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20
Q

What is ressurection of the body?

A

No immortal soul, we die then we enter sleep then one day we are resurrected to heaven, Protestants

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21
Q

What is reincarnation?

A

If you live well you will be reborn into a higher being in the next life

22
Q

What is biblical inerrancy?

A

The bible contains no significant logical errors, nothing is inconsistent, no historical or moral errors (Protestant)

23
Q

What is the historical-critical method?

A

The bible has errors, Old Testament has moral mistakes

24
Q

What is the cosmogenic myth?

A

Hundreds of creation stories, can the bible be the only right one?

25
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

A working model for a scientific investigation for a specific time

26
Q

What is creationism?

A

Theory that the biblical account is correct, the world is no older than 20,000 years, there is no specialization, all created at beginning

27
Q

What is theistic evolution?

A

Combination of evolution and creationism, god causes big bang, directed evolutionary process, intelligent design theory

28
Q

What is evolution?

A

The universe is billions of years old, deep time, speciation, survival of the fittest, natural selection, catastrophes speed it up

29
Q

What is irreducible complexity?

A

‘Mouse trap’ what would you do if something was missing a part, evolution couldn’t of been so gradual, god must’ve helped, directed evolution

30
Q

Argued on that god exists, god allowed evil to exist so good can come from it, does it require first mover, cannot go infinitely

A

Aquinas

31
Q

Watch maker, intelligent design

A

Paley

32
Q

Spoke of personal idea, that we link up to perceptions that there is no soul or self

A

Hume

33
Q

19th century Danish philosopher, wrote on how one becomes Christian, spoke on how you have to have a leap of faith to believe in god

A

Kierkegaard

34
Q

Believed in pluralism and that all religions lead to god.

A

Ramakrishna

35
Q

Wanted to start over like Descartes, he turned his attention to natural observation of the universe and the inductive methods. Discussed the idols of the mind.

A

Bacon

36
Q

God is dead, we encourage pity, have killed projected human belief in god

A

Nietzsche

37
Q

Myth of the cave

A

Plato

38
Q

Wrote about the Chaplin trying to convince the dying person of heaven and an afterlife

A

Perry

39
Q

Spoke about the steam roller, being tortured by the mad scientist, and bike riding, swapping brains and so forth

A

Micheals

40
Q

A physicist and philosopher at MIT, 2 fold why so few women in sciences and what is the idea of objectivity

A

Keller

41
Q

Methodic doubt, trying to find what is absolutely true, doubts senses

A

Descartes

42
Q

Spoke of personal identity that our soul exists because we think

A

Locke

43
Q

Top scientific philosopher, who gets credit for the discovery of oxygen?

A

Kuhn

44
Q

20th century philosopher discovery does not matter but justification does, principal of falsifiability, order of discovery

A

Popper

45
Q

Spoke about phenomenalism and consistency of experience

A

Berkeley

46
Q

What seperates us from apes? Intelliegence and something else. Survival of the fittest.

A

Darwin

47
Q

Every religion has important items and attempt at a transcendent dimension

A

Hick

48
Q

“And thus we may be able…that inhibit it.” “For a sense of consciousness always accompanies thinking..”

A

Locke

49
Q

“That is in other words….to these different perception.”

A

Hume

50
Q

Spoke on Atheism

A

Dawkins

51
Q

These three spoke on evolution and creationism

A

Dembski, Orr, Dennett

Intro to Philosophy (1 decks)

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