FINAL EXAM Flashcards
el/la escritor/a
writer
la actriz
actress
el modelo
model
el chef/el cocinero
chef/cook
el abogado
lawyer
el/la profesor/a, el/la maestro/a
professor, teacher
el/la veterinario/a
veterinarian
periodista
journalist
una/a bombero/a
firefighter
el trabajo
job
la escuela, el colegio
school, high school
la colega, la universidad
college
soporte informático
computers (IT)
la oficina
office
la casa
home
el gimnasio
gym
el/la salvavida
lifeguard
el/la ninero/a
babysitter
el/la consejero/a
counselor
el/la consejero/a del compamento de verano
summer camp counselor
el/la recepcionista
receptionist
la deforestación
deforestation
las pesticidas
pesticides
los bosques
forests
los incendios forestales
forest fires
los derrames de petróleo
oil spills
las botellas
bottles
los plásticos
plastics
el recipiente
container/bin
los árboles
trees
las plantas
plants
los animales
animals
la tierra
ground/dirt
reducir
reduce
reutilizar
reuse
reciclar
recycle
conservar
conserve
deber + verb
should
los problemas
problems
las soluciones
solutions
el medio ambiente
environment
el tráfico
traffic
los incendios forestales
forest fires
la basura
trash
la contaminación del agua
water contamination
grafiti
graffiti
el calentamiento global
global warming
las capas de hielo derritiendose
melting ice caps
sobrepesca
over-fishing
sobrepopulación
overpopulation
los derrames de petróleo
oil spills
la polución/la contaminción del aire
air polluiton
poder + verb
to be able to
reducir
to reduce
usar
to use
cambiar
to change
montar
to ride (bus, bike)
resolver (o-ue)
to solve
deber + verb
should
Triggers for conditional
events that would happen in the future under certain circumstances
Si yo fuera, Si yo tuviera, Si yo pudiera
Si yo fuera
If I were/If I went
Si yo tuviera
If I had
Si yo pudiera
If I could
Conditional tense tells
What someone would, should, could do in the future under certain circumstances
Yo ahorraría
I would save
Yo ganaría
I would earn
Yo llenaría
I would fill out
Yo necesitaría
I would need
Yo obtendría
I would obtain
Yo solicitaría
I would apply for
Él/ella ahorraría
s/he would save
Él/ella ganaría
s/he would earn
Él/ella llenaría
s/he would fill out
Él/ella necesitaría
s/he would need
Él/ella obtendría
s/he would obtain
Él/ella solicitaría
s/he would apply for
future and conditional tense endings
future: use a stem + é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
conditional: use a stem + ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían
-both have same irregular stems
irregular verb stems
Quaint People Hate Cold Sushi - drop the last vowel, Vroom Vroom Said The Porsche - drop the final vowel and add “d”, Hot Dog - drop the letters “c” and “e”
Quant People Hate Cold Sushi
querer - querr - to want
Quant People Hate Cold Sushi
poder - podr - to be able to
Quaint People Hate Cold Sushi
haber - habr - there is/will be
Quant People Hate Cold Sushi
caber - cabr - to fit
Quant People Hate Cold Sushi
saber - sabr - to know
Vroom Vroom Said The Porsche
venir - vendr - to come
Vroom Vroom Said The Porsche
valer - valdr - to be worth
Vroom Vroom Said The Porsche
salir - saldr - to leave
Vroom Vroom Said The Porsche
tener - tendr - to have
Vroom Vroom Said The Porsche
poner - pondr - to put
Hot Dog
hacer - har - to do/to make
Hot Dog
decir - dir - to say/tell
triggers for future tense NOTES
furthermore, before, after, therefore, in the future, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this afternoon, tonight, this weekend, later, then, one day, this summer, next week, next month, next year, in two years, as soon as I can, when I’m older, never, in my/your dreams, not in my/your lifetime
Talks about things in future
además de
furthermore
después
after
antes
before
por lo tanto
therefore
en el futuro
in the future
en el porvenir
in the future
mañana
tomorrow
pasado mañana
the day after tomorrow
esta tarde
this afternoon
esta noche
tonight
este fin de semana
this weekend
luego
later, then
más tarde
later
un día
one day
este verano
this summer
la próxima semana
next week
la semana que viene
next week
el próximo mes
next month
el mes que viene
next month
el próximo año
next year
el año que viene
next year
en (dos) años
in two years
en cuanto pueda
as soon as I can
cuando sea mayor
when I’m older
nunca
never
en mis/tus sueños
in my/your dreams
(no) en mi/tu vida
not in my/your lifetime
examples of future tense NOTES
there will be, will become, will graduate, will move to, will attend, will get, will go, will achieve, will want
Habrá
there will be
Me convertiré en
I will become
Me graduaré
I will graduate
Me mudaré a
I will move to
Yo asistiré
I will attend
Yo conseguiré
I will get
Yo iré
I will go
Yo lograré
I will achieve
Yo querré
I will want
Yo seguiré una carrera en
I will pursue a career in
Yo tendré
I will have
Yo tomaré decisiones
I will make decisions
Se convertirá en
s/he will become
Se graduará
s/he will graduate
Se mudará a
s/he will move to
Él/ella asistirá
s/he will attend
Él/ella conseguirá
s/he will get
Él/ella irá
s/he will go
Él/ella logrará
s/he will achieve
Él/ella querrá
s/he will want
Él/ella seguirá una carrera en
s/he will pursue a career in
Él/ella tendrá
s/he will have
Él/ella tomará decisiones
s/he will make decisions
triggers for subjunctive mood/”suggestions” NOTES:
wish that, doubt that, hope that, recommend that, suggest that, prefer that, happy that, hopefully, good that, better that, important that, possible that, necessary that, rare that, “someone” has to
Yo deseo que
I wish that
Yo dudo que
I doubt that
Yo espero que
I hope that
Yo recomiendo que
I recommend that
Yo sugiero que
I suggest that
Yo prefiero que
I prefer that
Me alegro de que
I’m happy that
él/ella desea que
s/he wishes that
él/ella duda que
s/he doubts that
él/ella espera que
s/he hopes that
él/ella recomienda que
s/he recommends that
él/ella sugiere que
s/he suggests that
él/ella prefiere que
s/he prefers that
él/ella se alegra de que
s/he is happy that
Ojalá que
Hopefully
Es bueno que
It’s good that
Es mejor que
It’s better that
Es importante que
It’s important that
Es posible que
It’s possible that
Es necesario que
It’s necessary that
Es raro que
It’s rare that
Hay que
“someone” has to
Examples of subjunctive mood NOTES
to help/aid, to conserve, to care for, to look for, to develop, to donate, do dump/toss, to avoid, to do/make, to limit, to waste, to prepare, to produce, to protect, to recycle, to collect/pick up
tú ayudes
you help/aid
tú conserves
you conserve
tú cuides
you care for
tú busques
you look for
tú desarrolles
you develop
tú dones
you donate
tú eches
you dump/toss
tú evites
you avoid
tú hagas
you do/make
tú limites
you limit
tú malgastes
you waste
tú prepares
you prepare
tú produzcas
you produce
tú protejas
you protect
tú recicles
you recycle
tú recojas
you collect / pick up
ell@s ayuden
they help/aid
ell@s conserven
they conserve
ell@s cuiden
they care for
ell@s busquen
they look for
ell@s desarrollen
they develop
ell@s donen
they donate
ell@s echen
they dump/toss
ell@s eviten
they avoid
ell@s hagan
they do/make
ell@s limiten
they limit
ell@s malgasten
they waste
ell@s preparen
they prepare
ell@s produzcan
they produce
ell@s protejan
they protect
ell@s reciclen
they recycle
ell@s recojan
they collect / pick up
los especies (en peligro de extinción)
species
natural/ la naturaleza
natural/nature
los animales
animals
las plantas
plants
bueno/malo
good/bad
el volcano
volcano
dañar
to damage
cuidar
to care for
viajar
to travel
visitar
to visit
recordar
to remember
aprender
to learn
apreciar
to appreciate
trabajar
to work
viajar
to travel
hablar
to speak
tener
to have
vender
to sell
internacional
international
especialista
specialist
la empresa, la compañía
business/company
profesional
professional
la experiencia
experience
al tiempo completo
full-time
al tiempo parcial
part-time
sueldo
salary
soporte informático
IT
Los Dias Feriadas
Spanish Holiday celebrations
Los Cumpleaños
Birthday celebrations, cake, candles, balloons, piñatas, toys, gifts
La Quinceañera
Sweet 15 “coming of age”, Catholic confirmation ceremony, sometimes accompanied by a party, girl wears high heels for the first time, wears ball gown in light color, has a “court” of other girls
El Cinco de Mayo
May 5, celebrates the town of Pueblo, México, where Mexicans defeated the French in an outnumbered battle. This is NOT México’s Independence Day, which is September 16.
El Día de los Muertos
The Day of the Dead, (Novemeber 1-2) celebrates (not mourns) death. Many believe that at this time of year by visiting the cemeteries and decorating the graves/homes with altars, the spirits of deceased loved ones return; the marigold flower symbolizes cycle of life + death, masks, skeletons, painted costumes, small figurines, candies, bread-of-the-dead
La Tomatina
celebrated in July in Spain. Tons of trucks filled with tomatoes are brought in. Visitors and townspeople throw tomatoes in a giant food fight, then all is washed away with firetrucks’ water hoses.
La Nochebuena
December 24, Christmas Eve, religious holiday
La Navidad
December 25, Christmas Day, religious holiday
La Noche Vieja
December 31, New Years Eve
El Año Nuevo
January 1, New Years Day
La Semana Santa
Holy Week, the week leading up to Easter, religious holiday
Las Pascuas
Easter, religious holiday
