Final Exam Flashcards
What are the 7 ‘a’s of dementia?
- Agnosognosia
- Agnosia
- Aphasia
- Apraxia
- Altered perception
- amnesia
- apathy
Define apathy
Showing no interest/concern
Right hemisphere deficits lesion location/correlation
No clear areas for right hemisphere dysfunction
Define pragmatics
The relationship between language and context.
Study of how** literal and nonliteral** aspects of communicated linguistic meaning are determined by principles that refer to the physical OR social context in which language is used.
Give examples of pragmatics
Topic maintenance, tangentiality, eye contact, joint attention
What is figurative language?
Language that is non-literal; abstract
Define theory of mind
Taking someone else’s perspective/POV
Name areas that a deficit in executive function would impact
o Attention
o Memory
o Problem-solving
o Organization
o Initiation
o Inhibition
What is the importance of using everyday contexts in TBI therapy?
Functional language to promote generalization
Name 5 things that are important regarding dementia.
- Dementia is not a normal part of aging
- Dementia is not caused by diseases of the brain
- Dementia is not only about losing your memory
- it’s possible to live well with dementia
- there is more to a person than their dementia
Is dementia only about losing your memory?
No!
List some reversible diagnoses that can result in dementia?
Vascular
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Pharmacology
Infection
Neurologic
Nutritional
Define polypharmacy, please.
Using multiple prescription drugs
What is Wernicke’s metabolic deficiency?
o B12
o Associated with alcoholism
o Medication is thiamine
What are the 4 common types of dementia?
Alzheimer’s
Frontotemporal
Lewy Body
Vascular
Notable feature of Alzheimer’s?
brain tangles and plaques
Notable feature of frontotemporal?
impacts ability to speak and understand language
Notable feature of Lewy Body?
typically aware of their deficit
Notable feature of vascular dementia?
behaves most like a stroke
What are the deficits in early stage Alzheimer’s dementia? (AD)
- Word finding
- Comprehension of abstract language
- Comprehension of complex conversation
- Central executive function impaired
What is the progression of Alzheimer’s dementia deficits?
- Behavioral changes
- Worsening of semantics, reduced topic maintenance
- Reduced comprehension with complexity
- Increased dysnomia
- STM loss
Late stage AD deficits?
- Severely impaired expressive/receptive language
- Verbal output echolalic, perseverative, paraphasic, ambiguous
- Can deteriorate to incoherent output or mutism
Define dysnomia
Difficulty with selecting or retrieving a particular word
Define echolalia
-repetition of words or phrases spoken by somebody else
-mimics intonation and exact phrasing
When is the onset of primary progressive aphasia (PPA)?
around 60 years of age
Describe PPA
-Patients slowly develop non-fluent, anomic aphasia with hesitant, effortful speech
-Repetition, reading, and writing are also impaired
-subset of frontotemporal dementia
-initially, memory is preserved, by 75% of patients develop non-language deficits
-most patients eventually become mute (if they live long enough)
What are some evaluation considerations for someone with dementia?
- Quality of life considerations
- Stage of dementia they’re in
- Communication wants/needs
- Cognitive ability (impacts eval and therapy options)
- Multi-disciplinary approach
Why is the multi-disciplinary approach important for evaluation of someone with dementia?
o Impacts more than just the diagnosis, life-altering
o Impacts ADLs for the caregiver perspective
o Involves social work, ot, pt, etc.
o Higher caregiver burden
o Encourage people to talk with physician for referrals
Which aphasia is most common for receptive language?
Wernicke’s
Which aphasia is most common for expressive language?
Broca’s
What are the 3 major components of cognition?
Attention
Memory
Executive function
