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541 Compounding > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Emollient

A

An agent that softens the skin or
soothes irritation in skin or mucous
membrane

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2
Q

Protective

A

A substance that protects injured or exposed skin surfaces from harmful
or annoying stimuli

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3
Q

cream

A

-semisolid
-water removable bases

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4
Q

ointment

A

-semisolid
-external
-hydrocarbon base

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5
Q

Hydrocarbon or oleaginous
bases on skin

A

-inexpensive
-non-reactive
-good emollient, protective, and occulsive
-not water washable
-greasy

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6
Q

Vaseline

A

hydrocarbon base

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7
Q

Anhydrous Absorption bases

A

-contain an emulsifier that form water-in-oil emulsion when water is added
-aquaphor

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8
Q

water in oil emulsion

A

-an absorption base that contains water(amount depens on the base)
-Eucerin

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9
Q

Advantages of absorption bases

A

-moderately good protective, occlusive, and
emollient properties
-don’t wash off easy
-absorb liquids
-some lanolin

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10
Q

Disadvantages of absorption bases

A

-poor patient acceptance
-greasy, hard to remove
-may be sensitizing(wool wax)
-stability issues

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11
Q

water removable bases

A

-o/w AKA cream
-microcrystalline dispersions of
long chain fatty acids or
alcohols in water.
-Vanicream

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12
Q

Advantages of water removable base

A

-nongreasy
-can absorb some water or alcohol
-will allow dissipation of fluid

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13
Q

Disadvagtes of water removable base

A

-less protective
-compatibility issues
-stability issues
-dry out

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14
Q

Gels

A

-irritating
-no emollient properties
-PEG bases

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15
Q

Levigation

A

-incorporate solid into an ointment base

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16
Q

When not to use levigation

A

-very fine particle size
-quantity to incorporate is small
-ointment base is soft
-final product is to be a stiff ointment or base

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17
Q

Coal tar levigating agent

A

-Tween 80

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18
Q

Levigation agennt for Peruvian Balsam

A

castor oil

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19
Q

Levigating agent for Ichthammol

A

-glycerin

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20
Q

Dissolution

A

dissolving a solid
ingredient in a solvent or oil and subsequent
incorporation of the solution into the ointment
base is the preferred treatment.

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21
Q

Common gelling agents

A

-X-cellulose
-sodium alginate
-xanthan gum
-gelatin
-alginic acid
-more

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22
Q

Clumping

A

-when the solid doesn’t incorporate with the oil
-glycerin can help prevent

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23
Q

Neutralizers

A

-adjust the pH after gelling agent has been wetted in the medium
-sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine

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24
Q

What gels can be ingested?

A

-Carbopol® 934P
-methylcellulose
-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
-sodium carboxymethylcellulose

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25
Q

How to make Carbomer Gels

A

-lowly sprinkling a sieved powder while stirring
-stop stirring
-add neutralizer

26
Q

True or False: carboxymethylcellulose is the onlycellulose that doesn’t maintain its viscosity over a wide pH range

A

true, stable at pH 7-9

27
Q

Poloxamer Gels

A

-This means they are liquids at cool (refrigerator)
temperature but are gels at room or body temperature
-form gels

28
Q

PLO Gel

A

-Pluronic® F-127 gel
and a lecithin/isopropyl palmitate syrup
-can make into syringes with adapter

29
Q

Paste

A
30
Q

Animal drug laws

A

-use bulk substances
-need medical rationale
-Nonfood-producing labeling requirements
-Antidotes for Food-Producing Animals & Wildlife Sedatives

31
Q

Vetrinary perscription requirments

A

-everything on a human label
-animal name and species
-if needed, withdrawl time or cautionary statements
-Last name of owner
-Doesn’t need client address

32
Q

Special vetrinary considerations

A

-size
-composition
-skin
-digestion
-ability to vomit
-renal system

33
Q

Vetrinary Toxins

A

-chocolate: birds and dogs
-grapes: dogs
-oil: birds
-xylitol: dogs
-ibuprophen/ibuprophen
-excipients

34
Q

cocoa butter

A

-Polymorphism in
Cocoa Butter
* Different crystal
structure –
* Different properties –
* Formulation problem
-will be bad if it gets too hot and chills too fast

35
Q

Synthetic triglycerides

A

-hydronated vegtable oils
-Fattibase
-Wecobee
Dehydag
-Hydrokote
-supporcire
-Witepsol

36
Q

Glycerinated Gelatin

A

-Useful for vaginal suppositories.
-It is suitable for use with a wide range of
medicaments including alkaloids, boric acid,
and zinc oxide
-provides slow release

37
Q

Polyethylene Glycol

A

-stable
-irritating
-miscible with water
-proonged release

38
Q

base in rectal suppositories

A

-fatty base
-PEG not good bc of side effects

39
Q

troche

A

compressed lozenge

40
Q

lozenges

A

-heat sensitive
-pH sensitive
-grainy

41
Q

Buspirone (Buspar) in children

A

efficacy not established
at the dose studied in pediatric clinical trials

42
Q

neonate

A

a newborn infant, especially
one less than four weeks old

43
Q

infant

A

birth to 12 months

44
Q

Toddlers

A

12-36 weeks

45
Q

chilren

A

<12 years

46
Q

Pediatric dosing instruments

A

-syringe
-droppwe
-dosing spoon
-cup

47
Q

alcohol in children

A

-avoid is possible
-max 25 mg/ 100 ml

48
Q

Equivalents

A

This unit of measure is related to the total number
of ionic charges in solution, it takes note of the
valence of the ion.

49
Q

What is the name of the orange book

A

Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence
Evaluations

50
Q

What is the orange book for?

A

(1) drug products approved by FDA under
the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act)
2) patent
and exclusivity information related to approved drug products

51
Q

4 parts of the orange book

A

-perscription drug list
-OTC drug list
-Drug products with approval
-discontinued drug product list

52
Q

Connect the Pharmacist Code of Ethics to compounding

A

The Pharmacist Code of Ethics incorporates all six bioethical
principles and supports good compounding practices for the
benefit of the patient

53
Q

Describe how the laws related to compounding balance
benefits and harms

A

-protect the public fro harm
-ensure access to necessary therapy
-risks can be mitigated with good practice

54
Q

Describe how conflict of interest applies to the case, including
identification of primary and secondary interests

A

Conflicts of interest occur when a secondary interest (e.g., personal
gain, company profitability, personal comfort) is placed ahead of the patient.

55
Q

Apply the rules and exceptions of obligatory beneficence to the
case

A

Obligatory beneficence requires individuals to take actions that
benefit another as long as none of the exceptions/exclusions apply

56
Q

6 bioethical principles

A

-Autonomy
-beneficence
-nonmaleficience
-justice
-veracity
-fidelity

57
Q

what laws support fidelity?

A

-Section 503A: compounding is allowed by pharmacists
-503B: requirments of an outsourcing facility
-USP: supported by law

58
Q

primary conflict of intrest

A

main priority

59
Q

secondary conflict of intrests

A

another priority that is impacting the primary conflict of intrest

60
Q

Obligatory beneficience requirments

A
  1. Protect and defend
    the rights of others
  2. Prevent harm from
    occurring to others
  3. Remove conditions
    that will cause harm to
    others
  4. Help persons with
    disabilities
  5. Rescue persons in
    danger
61
Q

Obligatory beneficience exceptions

A

-Requires severe sacrifice OR
-Requires extreme altruism OR
-The action is unnecessary OR
-The action is unlikely to
cause the good intended

541 Compounding (1 decks)

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