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541 Compounding > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Emollient

A

An agent that softens the skin or
soothes irritation in skin or mucous
membrane

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2
Q

Protective

A

A substance that protects injured or exposed skin surfaces from harmful
or annoying stimuli

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3
Q

cream

A

-semisolid
-water removable bases

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4
Q

ointment

A

-semisolid
-external
-hydrocarbon base

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5
Q

Hydrocarbon or oleaginous
bases on skin

A

-inexpensive
-non-reactive
-good emollient, protective, and occulsive
-not water washable
-greasy

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6
Q

Vaseline

A

hydrocarbon base

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7
Q

Anhydrous Absorption bases

A

-contain an emulsifier that form water-in-oil emulsion when water is added
-aquaphor

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8
Q

water in oil emulsion

A

-an absorption base that contains water(amount depens on the base)
-Eucerin

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9
Q

Advantages of absorption bases

A

-moderately good protective, occlusive, and
emollient properties
-don’t wash off easy
-absorb liquids
-some lanolin

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10
Q

Disadvantages of absorption bases

A

-poor patient acceptance
-greasy, hard to remove
-may be sensitizing(wool wax)
-stability issues

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11
Q

water removable bases

A

-o/w AKA cream
-microcrystalline dispersions of
long chain fatty acids or
alcohols in water.
-Vanicream

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12
Q

Advantages of water removable base

A

-nongreasy
-can absorb some water or alcohol
-will allow dissipation of fluid

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13
Q

Disadvagtes of water removable base

A

-less protective
-compatibility issues
-stability issues
-dry out

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14
Q

Gels

A

-irritating
-no emollient properties
-PEG bases

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15
Q

Levigation

A

-incorporate solid into an ointment base

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16
Q

When not to use levigation

A

-very fine particle size
-quantity to incorporate is small
-ointment base is soft
-final product is to be a stiff ointment or base

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17
Q

Coal tar levigating agent

A

-Tween 80

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18
Q

Levigation agennt for Peruvian Balsam

A

castor oil

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19
Q

Levigating agent for Ichthammol

A

-glycerin

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20
Q

Dissolution

A

dissolving a solid
ingredient in a solvent or oil and subsequent
incorporation of the solution into the ointment
base is the preferred treatment.

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21
Q

Common gelling agents

A

-X-cellulose
-sodium alginate
-xanthan gum
-gelatin
-alginic acid
-more

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22
Q

Clumping

A

-when the solid doesn’t incorporate with the oil
-glycerin can help prevent

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23
Q

Neutralizers

A

-adjust the pH after gelling agent has been wetted in the medium
-sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine

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24
Q

What gels can be ingested?

A

-Carbopol® 934P
-methylcellulose
-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
-sodium carboxymethylcellulose

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25
How to make Carbomer Gels
-lowly sprinkling a sieved powder while stirring -stop stirring -add neutralizer
26
True or False: carboxymethylcellulose is the onlycellulose that doesn't maintain its viscosity over a wide pH range
true, stable at pH 7-9
27
Poloxamer Gels
-This means they are liquids at cool (refrigerator) temperature but are gels at room or body temperature -form gels
28
PLO Gel
-Pluronic® F-127 gel and a lecithin/isopropyl palmitate syrup -can make into syringes with adapter
29
Paste
-semisolid dosage forms that contain one or more drug substances intended for topical application -
30
Animal drug laws
-use bulk substances -need medical rationale -Nonfood-producing labeling requirements -Antidotes for Food-Producing Animals & Wildlife Sedatives
31
Vetrinary perscription requirments
-everything on a human label -animal name and species -if needed, withdrawl time or cautionary statements -Last name of owner -Doesn't need client address
32
Special vetrinary considerations
-size -composition -skin -digestion -ability to vomit -renal system
33
Vetrinary Toxins
-chocolate: birds and dogs -grapes: dogs -oil: birds -xylitol: dogs -ibuprophen/ibuprophen -excipients
34
cocoa butter
-Polymorphism in Cocoa Butter * Different crystal structure – * Different properties – * Formulation problem -will be bad if it gets too hot and chills too fast
35
Synthetic triglycerides
-hydronated vegtable oils -Fattibase -Wecobee Dehydag -Hydrokote -supporcire -Witepsol
36
Glycerinated Gelatin
-Useful for vaginal suppositories. -It is suitable for use with a wide range of medicaments including alkaloids, boric acid, and zinc oxide -provides slow release
37
Polyethylene Glycol
-stable -irritating -miscible with water -proonged release
38
base in rectal suppositories
-fatty base -PEG not good bc of side effects
39
troche
compressed lozenge
40
lozenges
-heat sensitive -pH sensitive -grainy
41
Buspirone (Buspar) in children
efficacy not established at the dose studied in pediatric clinical trials
42
neonate
a newborn infant, especially one less than four weeks old
43
infant
birth to 12 months
44
Toddlers
12-36 weeks
45
chilren
<12 years
46
Pediatric dosing instruments
-syringe -droppwe -dosing spoon -cup
47
alcohol in children
-avoid is possible -max 25 mg/ 100 ml
48
Equivalents
This unit of measure is related to the total number of ionic charges in solution, it takes note of the valence of the ion.
49
What is the name of the orange book
Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations
50
What is the orange book for?
(1) drug products approved by FDA under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) 2) patent and exclusivity information related to approved drug products
51
4 parts of the orange book
-perscription drug list -OTC drug list -Drug products with approval -discontinued drug product list
52
Connect the Pharmacist Code of Ethics to compounding
The Pharmacist Code of Ethics incorporates all six bioethical principles and supports good compounding practices for the benefit of the patient
53
Describe how the laws related to compounding balance benefits and harms
-protect the public fro harm -ensure access to necessary therapy -risks can be mitigated with good practice
54
Describe how conflict of interest applies to the case, including identification of primary and secondary interests
Conflicts of interest occur when a secondary interest (e.g., personal gain, company profitability, personal comfort) is placed ahead of the patient.
55
Apply the rules and exceptions of obligatory beneficence to the case
Obligatory beneficence requires individuals to take actions that benefit another as long as none of the exceptions/exclusions apply
56
6 bioethical principles
-Autonomy -beneficence -nonmaleficience -justice -veracity -fidelity
57
what laws support fidelity?
-Section 503A: compounding is allowed by pharmacists -503B: requirments of an outsourcing facility -USP: supported by law
58
primary conflict of intrest
main priority
59
secondary conflict of intrests
another priority that is impacting the primary conflict of intrest
60
Obligatory beneficience requirments
1. Protect and defend the rights of others 2. Prevent harm from occurring to others 3. Remove conditions that will cause harm to others 4. Help persons with disabilities 5. Rescue persons in danger
61
Obligatory beneficience exceptions
-Requires severe sacrifice OR -Requires extreme altruism OR -The action is unnecessary OR -The action is unlikely to cause the good intended

541 Compounding (1 decks)

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