Final Exam Flashcards
When counseling anxiety, the layers beneath the surface are explored to identify the reason behind the behaviors. Which of the following is not a layer?
Stress
Excessive Perspiration, hyperawareness, and overactivity are examples of…
possible symptoms of anxiety
What are the three steps of CBT when dealing with anxiety?
- Identify negative thoughts
- Challenge your negative thoughts
- Replace your negative thoughts with realistic thoughts
After challenging negative thoughts of anxiety, what do you replace the negative thoughts with?
Realistic thoughts
What hormone powers anxiety?
Cortisol
What does the hormone Cortisol do for the body?
Regulates metabolism, blood pressure, etc.
What anxiety disorder is defined as an “irrational fear”?
Phobia
What anxiety disorder is defined as a “state of extreme fear that cannot be controlled”?
Panic disorder
_______ is the most common mind-altering substance used during adolescence.
Alcohol
Youth drug use is typically a ______ activity.
Anger
Emotional prejudice is a strong predictor of ___________?
Intergroup discrimination
Why is forgiveness important?
It frees the forgiver
In order for a therapy to be “cognitive-behavioral,” it must be based on the idea that…
Cognitions lead to behavioral change
Is the idea that desired emotional regulation may be effected through behavioral change, a proposition held by all cognitive-behavioral therapies?
No
What are some propositions held by all cognitive-behavioral therapies?
- Cognitive activity affects behavior
- Cognitive activity may be monitored and altered
- Desired behavior change may be effected through cognitive change
What are the action steps for anxiety therapy?
- Move forward
- Develop relationships
- Help client change thought patterns
Should you rush your client to get better as quickly as possible?
NO, NEVER!!!
What’s the “perfect day” exercise?
Ask the client to imagine a day without their problems
Is a lowered heart rate a symptom of anxiety?
No
Obsessive thoughts, overactivity, and excessive perspiration are examples of…
Anxiety symptoms
Recent evidence suggests that at least some phobias are closely associated with the emotion of:
Disgust
According to conditioning theory incubation is a phenomenon that should lead to:
Extinction
Panic disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and PTSD are examples of:
Types of anxiety disorders
Is substance use disorder a type of anxiety disorder?
No
Anxiety is your body’s natural response to ______.
Stress
What is the first step in overcoming a psychological problem?
Learning about the problem
What are two strategies of CBT to help relax someone with anxiety?
- Calm breathing
- Progressive muscle relaxation
What is “OFAID” when dealing with addiction?
Onset
Frequency
Antecedents (triggers)
Intensity
Duration
What are some effects on the family of an addict?
- Embarrassment
- Feelings of betrayal
- Relationship tension
Is responsibility an effect on the family of an addict?
No
How many phases are in ENright’s Model for forgiveness?
4
Where does guilt fit into the addiction cycle?
Between Substance Abuse and Emotional Trigger
What is a good verse about forgiveness?
1 John 1:9
What is one thing guilt can’t affect?
How God feels about you
Why is anxiety and the church so important?
The church has ignored it for years
What is important to know about anxiety?
It is not a weakness
What does CBT stand for?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Can external situations cause anxiety?
Yes
Can physical well-being cause anxiety?
Yes
Can trauma cause anxiety?
Yes
The best goal in teaching a client a relaxation technique is to __________.
Experience anxiety without feeling overwhelmed
Do addicts feel the desire to use or act for pleasure?
No
What are the steps of the Addiction Cycle?
- Guilt
- Emotional Trigger
- Craving
- Ritual
- Substance Abuse & Addictive Behaviors
How long is the detox period?
7-10 days
What are some patterns of Addictive Behaviors?
- Not being able to stop
- Easily relapsing
- Losing control
- Having a desire to use or act, but no pleasure
- Having more than one addiction at once (cross-addiction)
- Using substances or behaviors to self-medicate
What are the levels of abuse?
- Misuse
- Addiction
- Abuse
Are Endorphins readily produced in an addicted brain?
Yes
Are nerve signals readily produced in an addicted brain?
Yes
Are warning signals readily produced in an addicted brain?
Yes
Are serotonin and dopamine readily produced in an addicted brain?
No
What is the pleasure center in the brain called that plays a role in addiction?
Amygdala
Is addiction a maladaptive coping mechanism?
Yes
Is addiction genetically predisposed?
Yes
Is addiction environmentally and vicariously reinforced?
Yes
Is physical pain apart of the addiction cycle?
No
What does someone go through if they are addicted and trying to stop?
Withdrawal
Is pain a symptom of withdrawal?
Yes
Is intoxication a symptom of withdrawal?
No
Is arousal a symptom of withdrawal?
No
Is love a symptom of withdrawal?
No
What is a CBT technique for anxiety and depression?
Thought stopping
Is sleep a CBT technique?
No
Is thought stopping a CBT technique?
Yes
Is thought changing a CBT technique for anxiety and depression?
No
Is thought incentivizing a CBT technique for anxiety and depression?
No
What is the average amount of times that an addict will relapse in their life?
7 times
Prochaska and Diclemente’s change model includes the following stages: Pre-contemplation, contemplation, ___________, Action, and Maintenance.
Preparation
What is included in Prochaska and Diclemente’s change model? (PCPAM)
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Over ___ million Americans over the age of 12 have an addiction.
20
Over 20 million Americans over the age of ___ have an addiction.
12
What percent of elderly people (60+) have a substance addiction?
17%
What is the cycle of addiction NOT characterized by?
Gaining control of behavior
The Cycle of Addiction is characterized by…
- Frustration and pain
- Fantasizing about the addiction
- Developing feelings of guilt and shame
What can be done to proactively be done to address addictions?
- Not excuse the addiction but love the addict
- Give ongoing encouragement, support, and accountability
T/F: Relapse can occur at any time?
True
What scripture describes the “Ministry of Reconciliation”?
2 Corinthians 5:14-21
Addiction is defined as __________ involvement with a substance or activity, despite the substantial ______ it causes, because that involvement was (and may continue to be) pleasurable and/or valuable.
Repeated; harm
Over ___ million people over the age of ___ have an addiction (excluding tobacco).
20; 12
Grief is…
Different for everybody
T/F: Grief is normal?
True
T/F: Grief is abnormal?
False
Can you cope with grief by making yourself stop feeling?
No
Can you cope with grief by staying in bed all day?
No
Should you give yourself permission to grieve?
Yes
Can you cope with grief by not expressing your feelings to anyone?
No
Do the elderly go through grief?
Yes
Do children go through grief?
Yes
Do adults go through grief?
Yes
What does guilt lead to in the addiction cycle?
Emotional Trigger
What precedes guilt in the addiction cycle?
Substance abuse and addictive behaviors
What are some causes of grief?
- Death of loved one
- Death of pet
- Selling family home
In the cycle of addiction, what role does guilt play?
Bondage
What are some reasons children come to counseling?
- Eating disorders
- Guilt
- Addiction
Guilt is a ______ emotion, though it can be paralyzing for some people.
Normal
Is stomach pain a symptom of guilt?
Yes
Is a fever a symptom of guilt?
No
Is a sore throat a symptom of guilt?
No
Is a cough a symptom of guilt?
No
How long can grief last?
There is no specific time, it takes people different times to go through the process
Loss is…
Inevitable and grief is a natural part of it
Grief is NOT
Abnormal
Bondage of guilt and shame lead to…
feelings of being caught in slavery
What are some powers of grief
- Reminds
- Resigns
- Refines
With every death there is a _______
Loss
Sadness and loss can…
intensify during certain times of the year
A good way to cope with loss is…
Allowing yourself to experience the grief while rejoining the living through acts of giving and receiving.
Can social pressure cause guilt?
Yes
Can Satan cause guilt?
Yes
Can faulty conscience development cause guilt?
Yes
A book of the Bible that features songs of despair is _______.
Psalms
What Biblical word for “forgiveness” is only used of God?
Calach
What is forgiveness?
Release of resentment or feelings of vengeance
What are som categories of transgression
- Individual vs. group
- Intentional vs. unintentional
- Other vs. self
Forgiveness is NOT
- Ignoring or condoning sin
- Ignoring the person
- Biting our tongue and continuing to harbor malice
The Hebrew word “kaphar” translates to ________.
“To cover”
T/F: You should forgive because it will make you look like a better Christian.
False
T/F: You should forgive because it is a divine command.
True
T/F: You should forgive because love demands it.
True
T/F: You should forgive because the example of Christ compels it.
True
What does the “A” in the ABC’s of forgiveness stand for? (Kathryn)
Affront
What does the “B” in the ABC’s of forgiveness stand for? (Kathryn)
Brokenheartedness
Forgiveness is a central theme in which of the following prayers?
Matthew 6:12-15: The Model Prayer
T/F: An apology is necessary for forgiveness.
False
T/F: An apology is helpful in forgiveness, but not essential.
True
T/F: An apology must come from the person who was hurt.
False
T/F: God removes our sin from the record when he forgives.
True
T/F: God forgets when he forgives.
True
T/F: God treats us as though it never happened when he forgives us.
True
What are some of Enright’s Psychological models for interpersonal Forgiveness
- The Uncovering phase. How reaction to offense impacts their life.
- The Decision Phase. Retaliate/wish ill of the other person or being kind.
- The Work Phase. Develops empathy while assessing the offenders actions to avoid vulnerability.
What is NOT one of Enright’s Psychological models for interpersonal Forgiveness
The Relief Phase. After the work of forgiveness is completed the person feels relief.
Who is the hardest person to forgive?
Yourself
Is forgiveness ignoring or condoning sin?
No
Is forgiveness ignoring the person?
No
Is forgiveness talking it out if possible?
Yes
Is forgiveness continuing to harbor malice?
No
What are the four phases of Enright’s psychological model for interpersonal forgiveness?
- Uncovering
- Decision
- Work
- Deepening.
Is not fulfilling promises part of forgiveness?
No
Is trying not to bring it up again part of forgiveness?
Yes
Is ignoring the person part of forgiveness?
No
Is making a scene in public part of forgiveness?
No
What are some common phases of the addiction cycle?
- Initial use
- Continued use/abuse
- Tolerance
When trying to break the addiction cycle Precontemplation means…
The addict has given no thought of quitting
When trying to break the addiction cycle, Contemplation occurs when…
Quitting begins to enter the addict’s mind
When trying to break the cycle, Preparation occurs when the individual…..
Prepares mentally to quit
When trying to break the addiction cycle, Action occurs when…
Treatment is sought
When trying to break the addiction cycle, Maintenance occurs…
After recovery, the person now lives a substance-free life
Is abstinence a part of the Addiction Cycle?
No
One type of counseling system Dr. Fraser promotes involves working in 3 ___ day periods.
40 day periods
Which words correlate when thinking on reconciliation?
A&B
Why is it essential that we acknowledge our pain?
We must first acknowledge/feel the pain before we can be healed of it.
What does forgiving others do for us?
Helps us heal
1. Physically
2. Spiritually
3. Emotionally
What are the three focuses of CBT?
- Thoughts
- Feelings
- Actions
A technique that reinforces successive approximations of a desired behavior is known as…
Shaping
A new task being broken down into smaller steps is known as….
Shaping
Successful accomplishments are rewarded, gradually being built up to the performance of the target behavior is known as…
Shaping
Is offering a client a glass of water a step in CBT assessment?
No
Steps of CBT Assessment.
- Identify critical behaviors
- Determine whether critical behaviors are excessive or deficits
- If excess, attempt to decrease the frequency, if deficit, attempt to increase the frequency.
- Identify critical behaviors
- Determine whether critical behaviors are excessive or deficits
- If excess, attempt to decrease the frequency, if deficit, attempt to increase the frequency.
Steps of CBT Assessment
CBT was originally developed to treat ________.
Depression
CBT was developed by _____________.
Aaron Beck
What is the name of the CBT technique that reinforces successive approximations of a desired behavior?
Shaping
Cognitive theories focus on how people’s thoughts influence their __________ and ___________.
Emotions and Behavior
CBT stands for ___________________.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
The main premise of CBT is that most disorders result from distorted or _______ thinking and maladaptive behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)
Irrational
The main premise of CBT is that most disorders result from ________ or irrational thinking and maladaptive behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)
Distorted
The main premise of CBT is that most disorders result from distorted or irrational thinking and ______________ behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)
Maladaptive
The main premise of ______ is that most disorders result from distorted or irrational thinking and maladaptive behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)
CBT
Is logical reasoning an example of distorted thinking?
No
Is Dichotomous an example of distorted thinking?
Yes
Is selective abstraction an example of distorted thinking?
Yes
Is labeling an example of distorted thinking?
Yes
CBT for depression requires individuals to….
Make an assessment of their belief
Behavioral theories emphasize the importance of _________.
Changing
Cognitive Behavioral Counseling can also be known as the “___________” of counseling.
Second force
Who studied operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
What is the opposite of positive reinforcement?
Punishment
