Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Personal Counseling > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When counseling anxiety, the layers beneath the surface are explored to identify the reason behind the behaviors. Which of the following is not a layer?

A

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Excessive Perspiration, hyperawareness, and overactivity are examples of…

A

possible symptoms of anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three steps of CBT when dealing with anxiety?

A
  1. Identify negative thoughts
  2. Challenge your negative thoughts
  3. Replace your negative thoughts with realistic thoughts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After challenging negative thoughts of anxiety, what do you replace the negative thoughts with?

A

Realistic thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormone powers anxiety?

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the hormone Cortisol do for the body?

A

Regulates metabolism, blood pressure, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What anxiety disorder is defined as an “irrational fear”?

A

Phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What anxiety disorder is defined as a “state of extreme fear that cannot be controlled”?

A

Panic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ is the most common mind-altering substance used during adolescence.

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Youth drug use is typically a ______ activity.

A

Anger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Emotional prejudice is a strong predictor of ___________?

A

Intergroup discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is forgiveness important?

A

It frees the forgiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In order for a therapy to be “cognitive-behavioral,” it must be based on the idea that…

A

Cognitions lead to behavioral change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is the idea that desired emotional regulation may be effected through behavioral change, a proposition held by all cognitive-behavioral therapies?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some propositions held by all cognitive-behavioral therapies?

A
  1. Cognitive activity affects behavior
  2. Cognitive activity may be monitored and altered
  3. Desired behavior change may be effected through cognitive change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the action steps for anxiety therapy?

A
  1. Move forward
  2. Develop relationships
  3. Help client change thought patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Should you rush your client to get better as quickly as possible?

A

NO, NEVER!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the “perfect day” exercise?

A

Ask the client to imagine a day without their problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is a lowered heart rate a symptom of anxiety?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Obsessive thoughts, overactivity, and excessive perspiration are examples of…

A

Anxiety symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Recent evidence suggests that at least some phobias are closely associated with the emotion of:

A

Disgust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

According to conditioning theory incubation is a phenomenon that should lead to:

A

Extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Panic disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and PTSD are examples of:

A

Types of anxiety disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is substance use disorder a type of anxiety disorder?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Anxiety is your body’s natural response to ______.

A

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the first step in overcoming a psychological problem?

A

Learning about the problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are two strategies of CBT to help relax someone with anxiety?

A
  1. Calm breathing
  2. Progressive muscle relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is “OFAID” when dealing with addiction?

A

Onset
Frequency
Antecedents (triggers)
Intensity
Duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are some effects on the family of an addict?

A
  1. Embarrassment
  2. Feelings of betrayal
  3. Relationship tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Is responsibility an effect on the family of an addict?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many phases are in ENright’s Model for forgiveness?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where does guilt fit into the addiction cycle?

A

Between Substance Abuse and Emotional Trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a good verse about forgiveness?

A

1 John 1:9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is one thing guilt can’t affect?

A

How God feels about you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why is anxiety and the church so important?

A

The church has ignored it for years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is important to know about anxiety?

A

It is not a weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does CBT stand for?

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Can external situations cause anxiety?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Can physical well-being cause anxiety?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Can trauma cause anxiety?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The best goal in teaching a client a relaxation technique is to __________.

A

Experience anxiety without feeling overwhelmed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Do addicts feel the desire to use or act for pleasure?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the steps of the Addiction Cycle?

A
  1. Guilt
  2. Emotional Trigger
  3. Craving
  4. Ritual
  5. Substance Abuse & Addictive Behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How long is the detox period?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are some patterns of Addictive Behaviors?

A
  1. Not being able to stop
  2. Easily relapsing
  3. Losing control
  4. Having a desire to use or act, but no pleasure
  5. Having more than one addiction at once (cross-addiction)
  6. Using substances or behaviors to self-medicate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the levels of abuse?

A
  1. Misuse
  2. Addiction
  3. Abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Are Endorphins readily produced in an addicted brain?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Are nerve signals readily produced in an addicted brain?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Are warning signals readily produced in an addicted brain?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Are serotonin and dopamine readily produced in an addicted brain?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the pleasure center in the brain called that plays a role in addiction?

A

Amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Is addiction a maladaptive coping mechanism?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Is addiction genetically predisposed?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Is addiction environmentally and vicariously reinforced?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Is physical pain apart of the addiction cycle?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What does someone go through if they are addicted and trying to stop?

A

Withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Is pain a symptom of withdrawal?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Is intoxication a symptom of withdrawal?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Is arousal a symptom of withdrawal?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Is love a symptom of withdrawal?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is a CBT technique for anxiety and depression?

A

Thought stopping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Is sleep a CBT technique?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Is thought stopping a CBT technique?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Is thought changing a CBT technique for anxiety and depression?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Is thought incentivizing a CBT technique for anxiety and depression?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the average amount of times that an addict will relapse in their life?

A

7 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Prochaska and Diclemente’s change model includes the following stages: Pre-contemplation, contemplation, ___________, Action, and Maintenance.

A

Preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is included in Prochaska and Diclemente’s change model? (PCPAM)

A
  1. Pre-contemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintenance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Over ___ million Americans over the age of 12 have an addiction.

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Over 20 million Americans over the age of ___ have an addiction.

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What percent of elderly people (60+) have a substance addiction?

A

17%

72
Q

What is the cycle of addiction NOT characterized by?

A

Gaining control of behavior

73
Q

The Cycle of Addiction is characterized by…

A
  1. Frustration and pain
  2. Fantasizing about the addiction
  3. Developing feelings of guilt and shame
74
Q

What can be done to proactively be done to address addictions?

A
  1. Not excuse the addiction but love the addict
  2. Give ongoing encouragement, support, and accountability
75
Q

T/F: Relapse can occur at any time?

A

True

76
Q

What scripture describes the “Ministry of Reconciliation”?

A

2 Corinthians 5:14-21

77
Q

Addiction is defined as __________ involvement with a substance or activity, despite the substantial ______ it causes, because that involvement was (and may continue to be) pleasurable and/or valuable.

A

Repeated; harm

78
Q

Over ___ million people over the age of ___ have an addiction (excluding tobacco).

A

20; 12

79
Q

Grief is…

A

Different for everybody

80
Q

T/F: Grief is normal?

A

True

81
Q

T/F: Grief is abnormal?

A

False

82
Q

Can you cope with grief by making yourself stop feeling?

A

No

83
Q

Can you cope with grief by staying in bed all day?

A

No

84
Q

Should you give yourself permission to grieve?

A

Yes

85
Q

Can you cope with grief by not expressing your feelings to anyone?

A

No

86
Q

Do the elderly go through grief?

A

Yes

87
Q

Do children go through grief?

A

Yes

88
Q

Do adults go through grief?

A

Yes

89
Q

What does guilt lead to in the addiction cycle?

A

Emotional Trigger

90
Q

What precedes guilt in the addiction cycle?

A

Substance abuse and addictive behaviors

91
Q

What are some causes of grief?

A
  1. Death of loved one
  2. Death of pet
  3. Selling family home
92
Q

In the cycle of addiction, what role does guilt play?

A

Bondage

93
Q

What are some reasons children come to counseling?

A
  1. Eating disorders
  2. Guilt
  3. Addiction
94
Q

Guilt is a ______ emotion, though it can be paralyzing for some people.

A

Normal

95
Q

Is stomach pain a symptom of guilt?

A

Yes

96
Q

Is a fever a symptom of guilt?

A

No

97
Q

Is a sore throat a symptom of guilt?

A

No

98
Q

Is a cough a symptom of guilt?

A

No

99
Q

How long can grief last?

A

There is no specific time, it takes people different times to go through the process

100
Q

Loss is…

A

Inevitable and grief is a natural part of it

101
Q

Grief is NOT

A

Abnormal

102
Q

Bondage of guilt and shame lead to…

A

feelings of being caught in slavery

103
Q

What are some powers of grief

A
  1. Reminds
  2. Resigns
  3. Refines
104
Q

With every death there is a _______

A

Loss

105
Q

Sadness and loss can…

A

intensify during certain times of the year

106
Q

A good way to cope with loss is…

A

Allowing yourself to experience the grief while rejoining the living through acts of giving and receiving.

107
Q

Can social pressure cause guilt?

A

Yes

108
Q

Can Satan cause guilt?

A

Yes

109
Q

Can faulty conscience development cause guilt?

A

Yes

110
Q

A book of the Bible that features songs of despair is _______.

A

Psalms

111
Q

What Biblical word for “forgiveness” is only used of God?

A

Calach

112
Q

What is forgiveness?

A

Release of resentment or feelings of vengeance

113
Q

What are som categories of transgression

A
  1. Individual vs. group
  2. Intentional vs. unintentional
  3. Other vs. self
114
Q

Forgiveness is NOT

A
  1. Ignoring or condoning sin
  2. Ignoring the person
  3. Biting our tongue and continuing to harbor malice
115
Q

The Hebrew word “kaphar” translates to ________.

A

“To cover”

116
Q

T/F: You should forgive because it will make you look like a better Christian.

A

False

117
Q

T/F: You should forgive because it is a divine command.

A

True

118
Q

T/F: You should forgive because love demands it.

A

True

119
Q

T/F: You should forgive because the example of Christ compels it.

A

True

120
Q

What does the “A” in the ABC’s of forgiveness stand for? (Kathryn)

A

Affront

121
Q

What does the “B” in the ABC’s of forgiveness stand for? (Kathryn)

A

Brokenheartedness

122
Q

Forgiveness is a central theme in which of the following prayers?

A

Matthew 6:12-15: The Model Prayer

123
Q

T/F: An apology is necessary for forgiveness.

A

False

124
Q

T/F: An apology is helpful in forgiveness, but not essential.

A

True

125
Q

T/F: An apology must come from the person who was hurt.

A

False

126
Q

T/F: God removes our sin from the record when he forgives.

A

True

127
Q

T/F: God forgets when he forgives.

A

True

128
Q

T/F: God treats us as though it never happened when he forgives us.

A

True

129
Q

What are some of Enright’s Psychological models for interpersonal Forgiveness

A
  1. The Uncovering phase. How reaction to offense impacts their life.
  2. The Decision Phase. Retaliate/wish ill of the other person or being kind.
  3. The Work Phase. Develops empathy while assessing the offenders actions to avoid vulnerability.
130
Q

What is NOT one of Enright’s Psychological models for interpersonal Forgiveness

A

The Relief Phase. After the work of forgiveness is completed the person feels relief.

131
Q

Who is the hardest person to forgive?

A

Yourself

132
Q

Is forgiveness ignoring or condoning sin?

A

No

133
Q

Is forgiveness ignoring the person?

A

No

134
Q

Is forgiveness talking it out if possible?

A

Yes

135
Q

Is forgiveness continuing to harbor malice?

A

No

136
Q

What are the four phases of Enright’s psychological model for interpersonal forgiveness?

A
  1. Uncovering
  2. Decision
  3. Work
  4. Deepening.
137
Q

Is not fulfilling promises part of forgiveness?

A

No

138
Q

Is trying not to bring it up again part of forgiveness?

A

Yes

139
Q

Is ignoring the person part of forgiveness?

A

No

140
Q

Is making a scene in public part of forgiveness?

A

No

141
Q

What are some common phases of the addiction cycle?

A
  1. Initial use
  2. Continued use/abuse
  3. Tolerance
142
Q

When trying to break the addiction cycle Precontemplation means…

A

The addict has given no thought of quitting

143
Q

When trying to break the addiction cycle, Contemplation occurs when…

A

Quitting begins to enter the addict’s mind

144
Q

When trying to break the cycle, Preparation occurs when the individual…..

A

Prepares mentally to quit

145
Q

When trying to break the addiction cycle, Action occurs when…

A

Treatment is sought

146
Q

When trying to break the addiction cycle, Maintenance occurs…

A

After recovery, the person now lives a substance-free life

147
Q

Is abstinence a part of the Addiction Cycle?

A

No

148
Q

One type of counseling system Dr. Fraser promotes involves working in 3 ___ day periods.

A

40 day periods

149
Q

Which words correlate when thinking on reconciliation?

A

A&B

150
Q

Why is it essential that we acknowledge our pain?

A

We must first acknowledge/feel the pain before we can be healed of it.

151
Q

What does forgiving others do for us?

A

Helps us heal
1. Physically
2. Spiritually
3. Emotionally

152
Q

What are the three focuses of CBT?

A
  1. Thoughts
  2. Feelings
  3. Actions
153
Q

A technique that reinforces successive approximations of a desired behavior is known as…

A

Shaping

154
Q

A new task being broken down into smaller steps is known as….

A

Shaping

155
Q

Successful accomplishments are rewarded, gradually being built up to the performance of the target behavior is known as…

A

Shaping

156
Q

Is offering a client a glass of water a step in CBT assessment?

A

No

157
Q

Steps of CBT Assessment.

A
  1. Identify critical behaviors
  2. Determine whether critical behaviors are excessive or deficits
  3. If excess, attempt to decrease the frequency, if deficit, attempt to increase the frequency.
158
Q
  1. Identify critical behaviors
  2. Determine whether critical behaviors are excessive or deficits
  3. If excess, attempt to decrease the frequency, if deficit, attempt to increase the frequency.
A

Steps of CBT Assessment

159
Q

CBT was originally developed to treat ________.

A

Depression

160
Q

CBT was developed by _____________.

A

Aaron Beck

161
Q

What is the name of the CBT technique that reinforces successive approximations of a desired behavior?

A

Shaping

162
Q

Cognitive theories focus on how people’s thoughts influence their __________ and ___________.

A

Emotions and Behavior

163
Q

CBT stands for ___________________.

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

164
Q

The main premise of CBT is that most disorders result from distorted or _______ thinking and maladaptive behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)

A

Irrational

165
Q

The main premise of CBT is that most disorders result from ________ or irrational thinking and maladaptive behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)

A

Distorted

166
Q

The main premise of CBT is that most disorders result from distorted or irrational thinking and ______________ behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)

A

Maladaptive

167
Q

The main premise of ______ is that most disorders result from distorted or irrational thinking and maladaptive behavior. (Brianna Crosslin)

A

CBT

168
Q

Is logical reasoning an example of distorted thinking?

A

No

169
Q

Is Dichotomous an example of distorted thinking?

A

Yes

170
Q

Is selective abstraction an example of distorted thinking?

A

Yes

171
Q

Is labeling an example of distorted thinking?

A

Yes

172
Q

CBT for depression requires individuals to….

A

Make an assessment of their belief

173
Q

Behavioral theories emphasize the importance of _________.

A

Changing

174
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Counseling can also be known as the “___________” of counseling.

A

Second force

175
Q

Who studied operant conditioning?

A

B.F. Skinner

176
Q

What is the opposite of positive reinforcement?

A

Punishment

Personal Counseling (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions