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Building Tech: Control Systems > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Plumbing Systems

A

Building Water Supply
Building Drainage (Sewage) System

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2
Q

What was the first area to have a plumbing system?

A

Rome

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3
Q

Water is completely recycled

A

Every drop of water you drink has been around forever.

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4
Q

PH above 7 is…

A

Basic

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5
Q

PH below 7 is…

A

Acidic

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6
Q

Pure water PH is…

A

Neutral

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7
Q

What additives can be added to water for cleaning?

A

Florine
Chlorine

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8
Q

What minerals make hard water

A

Lime (calcium carbonate), Calcium, magnesium, Iron, Zinc

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9
Q

Effects of hard water

A

Corrosion on faucets, drains, etc.

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10
Q

Hard water can make washing hair…

A

Difficult

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11
Q

How can hard water be softened?

A

Adding sodium (salt)- sodium replaces Calcium

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12
Q

Carcinogens

A

PCBs (polychlorinated Biphenyls)
DDT
Insecticides

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13
Q

Diseases caused by contaminated water are…

A

Cholera
Dysentery
Parasites

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14
Q

Air Pressure

A

The weight of air molecules pushing down on Earth

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15
Q

What is pressure?

A

force applied over an Area

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16
Q

Pressure =

A

Force/Area = pounds/square inches
P=F/A

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17
Q

PSI

A

Pound per Square Inch

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18
Q

PSIG

A

pound per Square Inch Gauge

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19
Q

Head Pressure

A

Measured in Feet

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20
Q

Hot water systems can be fueled by…

A

gas, electric, or solar

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21
Q

Hot water tanks recharge rate

A

the length of time that a tank will take to reheat itself after it has emptied its volume of water.
typically 20-35 minutes for a 50 gallon tank

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22
Q

What can instantaneous water heaters be used for?

A

Small remote lavatories or sinks (fits under cabinets)(heads water instantly as it passes through

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23
Q

What are sources of waste systems?

A

lavatories (sinks), toilets, urinals, tubs, showers

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24
Q

What are solid lines of a sanitary waste system?

A

They carry black water- toilets and urinals

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25
Q

What are waste lines of a sanitary waste system?

A

They carry grey water- sinks, showers, tubs

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26
Q

Why are vent stacks important in waste water systems?

A

they allow air into the drain line to exit through the building roof and allow water to drain.
Odors are conveyed to the outside of the building

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27
Q

Why are soil stacks important in waste water systems?

A

They are the same as vent stacks but solely for venting of soil lines

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28
Q

Why are traps important in waste water systems?

A

traps create water seals to prevent odor form coming back up through sink or tub

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29
Q

What materials can trap pipes be made of?

A

Stainless steel for exposed piping
PVC or iron for concealed piping

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30
Q

Toilet with a tank is…

A

A toilet that has a tank attached
3-5 gallons per flush
Gravity flush

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31
Q

Toilet with a flush valve or ‘flushometer’ is…

A

One without a tank attached
They use less water
Have higher water pressure
Can be loud

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32
Q

What is a wet urinal?

A

Normal (typical) urinal
Either wall hung or floor mounted

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33
Q

What is a dry urinal?

A

Not a typical urinal
Chemically cleaned
No fresh or potable water

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34
Q

What are the four types of toilets?

A

Floor Mounted Tank
Floor Mounted Flush Valve
Wall Mounted Tank (not common)
Wall mounted Flush Valve

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35
Q

When specifying a toilet what is not included?

A

The toilet seat

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36
Q

Ways plumbing can be Green

A

reduce flow toilets
Automatic flush valves
Automatic sink
Two stage toilets
Compositing toilets
Dry urinals
Separation of grey water (recycled)

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37
Q

What is pipe slope?

A

The total drop over the length

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38
Q

How wide should a typical wet wall be?

A

11 inches wide

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39
Q

What do intercepters do?

A

Catch grease, hair, or anything else that goes down the drain.

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40
Q

How do grease traps work?

A

Grease and water separate leaving the grease sitting on top draining into a separate system

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41
Q

Clean outs for plumbing systems

A

Must have in several locations
Code driven
Must have access in the floor and wall
Cannot be hidden or concealed

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42
Q

What makes up a public sewage system?

A

2 underground systems
Storm water
Sanitary sewer

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43
Q

How does a public sewage system work?

A

Solids are moved from sewage returning water to the fresh water system.

44
Q

Cesspools

A

Common on farms and in rural areas (diagram in slides -class 5)

45
Q

Septic tank and leach fields

A

Still fairly common (diagram in slides -class 5)

46
Q

Ways to drain water from roofs

A

Dusters and downspouts
Scuppers- holes for overflow if downspouts aren’t working
Storm leaders inside of buildings

47
Q

What does insulation do for piping?

A

Parents condensation from cold water
Reduces heat loss from hot water
Prevents burning for wheelchair users

48
Q

When would steel piping be used?

A

Black iron- sewage, sanitary, expensive (Not often used)
Galvanized- dipped in zinc to create a coating

49
Q

When would copper piping be use?

A

Drinkable water sources

50
Q

When can plastic piping be used?

A

PVC/CPVC- Sewage, sanitary

51
Q

Why would PEX tubing piping be used?

A

Flexible, does not need insulation

52
Q

What do valves do?

A

Control flow and shut off water flow

53
Q

What do surge arresters do?

A

Prevent water hammer

54
Q

Three goals of fire safety

A

1.Afford protection or escape for the occupants of the building
-Egress
-Place of refuge
2.insure structural integrity
3. Allow building to survive

55
Q

Construction types

A

Type I- concrete (most fire resistive)
Type II- steel and concrete
Type III- contains wood
Type IV- contains wood
Type V- wood (least resistive)

56
Q

What is compartmentation

A

Separation between occupancy groups

57
Q

Class of fire

A

Class A- wood, paper, cloth, and rubber
Class B- liquids (gas, oil, etc.) - float on water
Class C- electrical equipment- extinguishing methods must be non conductive

58
Q

Special extinguishing sensors

A

Halon-used in computer rooms to not destroy what it is trying to save.

59
Q

Dry standpipes

A

Large diameter pipes (risers) are normally empty but have connecting point on outside of building for water connection. (Stairway piping)

60
Q

Wet standpipes

A

Connected to building water system, have attached hoses

61
Q

Wet sprinkler system

A

System contains water up to the sprinkler head, no maintenance required, only one sprinkler goes off

62
Q

Dry sprinkler system

A

Used in cold/freezing locations, keeps water out of cold environment, expensive to maintain, water is not instant

63
Q

Pre-action systems

A

Variation of dry system, requires the head to trip and a secondary detection. Used in computer areas

64
Q

Deluge systems

A

They will flood the whole space if fire is detected

65
Q

Can you paint a sprinkler head?

A

Never

66
Q

What is electricity?

A

A flow of electrons around a circuit

67
Q

Potential

A

(Voltage V)
Potential to do work
Analogous to “head” and pressure

68
Q

Current

A

(Flow I)
Flow
Analogous to Flow Rate GPM

69
Q

Resistance

A

(R in ohms or “omega”)
Resistance to flow
Analogous to friction

70
Q

What is electrical resistance?

A

Resistance is an electrical quantity that measures how the device or material reduces the electrical current flow through it.

71
Q

Is. There more resistance it bigger or smaller pipes?

A

Smaller- the water floe is decreased creating more resistance.

72
Q

What is Ohm’s law

A

I= V/R
I= current, measured in Amps (A)
V=voltage, measured in volts (V)
R= resistance measured in OHMS (omega)

73
Q

What are the two types of electrical currents?

A

DC- Direct Current
AC- alternating current

74
Q

Directional Current

A

One direction continuously
Easy to generate
Relatively safe
Very short transmission distance

75
Q

Alternating current

A

Constantly changing
Long transmission distance
60 cycle (Hz) frequency happens to be hazardous to humans
Large complex generating plants

76
Q

It’s the current that kills

A

Not voltage

77
Q

What uses Direct current (DC)?

A

Batteries, laptops, phones, electronics, elevators, some mass transit systems

78
Q

What uses Alternating current (AC)?

A

Electrical grid, your house, all major appliances

79
Q

Can AC power be converted into DC power?

A

Yes, phone and computer chargers do it

80
Q

Can DC power be converted to AC power?

A

Yes, inverters convert solar energy into AC power

81
Q

Who developed and marketed AC power?

A

Westinghouse

82
Q

Who developed and marketed DC power?

A

Edison

83
Q

Which system proved to be the better option for national power distribution?

A

Westinghouse’s AC system

84
Q

What is a single phase for AC power?

A

A single phase requires a single wire and a ground wire to connect the circuit. A single phase is 240V. the AC power supply is utilized for home appliances. (Residential)

85
Q

What is a three phase for AC power?

A

A three phase needs three wires. 460V, a three phase power system is used in buildings to run heavy loads such as elevators and air conditioning. (Large buildings)

86
Q

What is Hertz?

A

Cycles p second. Power in the USA is generated and transmitted at 60HZ or 60 cycles per second.

87
Q

What is watts?

A

measurement of power- James Watts
Kilowatts- 1,000 watts
Megawatts- 1,000,000 watts

88
Q

Kw-hrs

A

Measurement of power x time “energy”
How we pay for electricity

89
Q

What is a transformer?

A

Device used to change voltage. Can be used to reduce or increase voltage.

90
Q

Electric heaters

A

Heat due to resistance

91
Q

What is the purpose of a receptacle?

A

Safely delivers electrical power to appliances

92
Q

Circuiting of receptacles

A

Number of outlets are defined by code
Current capacity is determined by how many receptacles their are
Commercial buildings have 20A circuits
Residential buildings typically have 15A circuits
Codes require outlets to be spaced at regular intervals to avoid the use of extension cords

93
Q

What is a duplex receptacle?

A

Has two final power outlet sources

94
Q

What is a quad receptacle?

A

There are four female outlet sources- typically two different circuits feed the receptacle, one fore each duplex

95
Q

What is an isolated ground receptacle?

A

Ground cable- identified by being orange
Used to provide additional ‘clean’ grounding of electrical circuit.

96
Q

What is the ‘T’ on the receptacle used for?

A

20A devices to be plugged in

97
Q

What is a ground fault (GFI) receptacle?

A

Generally installed where electrical circuits may come in contact with water to prevent electrocution. Within 6’ of a water source

98
Q

Panel boards

A

Meter (outside) , main disconnect (in between), distribution panel (inside)-Diagram in Class 6 part 2

99
Q

Wiring

A

Wire is sized to carry load without overheating

100
Q

Wiring gauge

A

12 AWG commercial 20A circuits
14 AWG residential 15A circuits
10 AWWG larger loads like AC units and oven or dryers in homes
10 AWG is larger than 14 AWG

101
Q

What is Romex?

A

Typically used in residential applications. PVC wrapped cables that carry a hot, neutral and return. Yellow is 12 AWG. White is 14 AWG.

102
Q

What is grounding?

A

Grounding prevents stray AC current from passing from the device to people or other devices.

103
Q

What are meters?

A

Measure electricity use in kw-hrs (determines you electricity bill)

104
Q

For emergency power and lighting smaller buildings rely on…

A

Battery powered wall packs
Battery powered lights
Come on when they sense a loss of electricity

105
Q

For emergency power and lighting larger buildings rely on…

A

Generators

106
Q

What is needed to start a fire?

A

Oxygen, fuels, heat

Building Tech: Control Systems (2 decks)

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