Final Exam Flashcards
What federal milk marketing order does texas fall under?
Southwest region
What is the best definition of Nutrition
Study of obtaining, digesting, and absorbing food for bodily functions.
What is the Voluntary Waiting Period?
Period of time from freshening until the producer will start inseminating a cow.
What is the key factor in maintaining high milk production?
Feed Intake
What are the two main ligaments that support the Udder?
Medial Suspensory Ligament and Lateral SUspensory Ligament
What is the best definition used to describe genetic improvement?
Animal matched in a way that their offspring is superior to the population
What is component milk pricing based on?
The market price of manufactured dairy products as surveyed by the NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service)
What is the definition of a Ruminanat?
An animal that is four-legged, even toed mammal with a four-compartment stomach.
What is a ration?
Amount of diet offered to animal.
What is Mastitis?
Inflammation of the udder usually occuring due to immune response to bacterial invasion.
What are the locaitons where reproductive technology is placed for estrus detection?
Ear, Leg, Neck, and Tail Head
Class 3 of milk classes
Hard Manufactured Products
What is the best definition of negative energy balance?
When energy demands for maintenance and lactation exceeds the dietary energy intake.
Clinical Mastitis ——
Visible abnormalities in the milk
Subclinical Mastitis ———-
Inflammation with no visible abnormalities
What does conception rate measure?
A Cow’s Fertility
What are the 6 parts of nutrition
Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Minerals, and Vitamins
What is the formula for determining pregnancy rate?
Heat detection x Conception rate
What best defines precision technology for repro?
The use of technology to detect reproductive events such as when cows are in heat or are ready to calve.
Dry Matter Intake is Defined as
Amount of feed consumed on a moisture free basis.
What is metritis?
Growth of unhealthy Bacteria in the uterus.
A CIDR contains what Hormone?
Progesterone
Within the glandular tissue of an udder the alveoli are where?
Milk is synthesized and created
What best defines Total Mixed Ration?
All components are included in a single uniform mixture that is fed one or more times per day
Classified milk pricing segregates milk according to the elasticity or inelasticity of demand
Elasticity
Cows are positive for mastitis when somatic cell count is more than______
200,000
Federal orders set minimum prices for about __%of U.S Milk
70%
T/F The holding area is best designed as a long, narrow area that permits cows to enter the parlor without turning a corner
True
T/F Cows can not spontaneously recover from mastitis without the aid of antibiotics
False
T/F Each quarter of an udder functions individually and has milk drain through its own individual teat.
True
T/F Intensive grazing is not a type of feeding system.
False
T/F Nutrition is the largest expense of a dairy.
True
T/F For classified milk pricing, Class I is fluid Milk Products such as Whole Milk, Reduced Fat, Low Fat, and Nonfat Milk
True
What are two factors that affect milk prices?
Pounds and butter fat
List two reasons why a cows teats are fore stripped before placing the milking unit.
-remove any dirt/bacteria
-Make sure milk is clea
What are the 3 steps of drying off cows?
- seperate the cow
- dry the cow
- dry cow treatment
What is a ration?
Amount of diet offered to an animal
List two goals of a milking center?
Harvest and handle high quality milk.
Milk clean, dry teats
Explain the difference between estrus and estrous
Estorus- whole reproductive cycle
Estrus- period of sexual receptivity
When performing a california mastitis test, what indicates a positive result?
Flakes appear
Choose one of the milking parlor designs and list one advantage and one disadvantage
Rotary
Excellent cow flow
Expensive
List the 5 factors of genetic improvement
- Parent records
- Performance records
- AI
- Accurate genetic evaluations
- Permanent unique ID
Choose a metabolic disorder and define the disorder
Milk fever- calcium deficiency
Symptom - unable to stand
Prevention- Feed high Ca diet post calving
Treatment- 2 Ca Boluses
What is the largest dairy breed?
Holstein
What is an example of a confinement system?
Freestall
What is the predominant breed at the tarleton Dairy
Crossbreed
Which immunoglobulin is found in colostrum that destroys pathogens?
IgG
What is the #1 dairy county in Texas?
Hartley County
If the refractometer reads above 22% then the colostrum is considered
High Quality
What type of parlor does the soutwest regional dairy center have
Rotary Parlor
What is the quickest way to develop the rumen in calves
Feeding grain
Which country produces the most milk
U.S
What are the 3 Key elements when deciding which dairy animal to use?
Feed, Water, Climate
What is “Cow Comfort”?
Minimizing stress factors to maximize milk production
What are the two ways to disbud calves?
Burn or paste
Which breed produces the most A2 Milk?
Guernsey
What is the esophageal groove?
Funnels milk to the abomasum from the esophagus.
Which breed has the highest amount of butterfat in their milk?
Jersey
Which direction should barns in Texas face?
East-West
Which two vitamins are commonly added to milk production?
Vitamin D and A
What should be the minimum amount of protein in calf starter?
16%
What is the most common housing for baby calves?
Individual hutches/Pens
What is the main goal when designing a facility?
Improve cow comfort
What is the difference between A1 and A2 milk?
A2 milk only had the A2 beta casin protein
What is an example of a non-confinement management system?
Pasture
What are two ways to test colostrum?
Refractometer and Colostrometer
Within the milk breakdown, Which is the major component of milk?
Water
What is the recommended stocking density for dairy barns?
One stall per cow, no more than 100%
Farm size is ___________ while farm numbers are _________________
Increasing, Decreasing
Butter is made from ___________, while margarine is made from ______
Cream, Oils
Colostrum should be fed within the first ______ hours after birth
6
T/F Calves are born without immunity
True
T/F Calves are born with a functional rumen
False
T/F Heifers should be bred between 22-24 months old
False
What is the objective of the dairy industry?
Produce high quality, safe milk and milk products in an environmental and humane way.
Define pasteurization?
Heating the milk to destroy any bad bacteria and make it safe for consumption
What is a milk quota?
avoids overprodution. puts a cap on the amount of milk farmers are allowed to produce
Name 2 dual purpose breeds
Milking shorthorn
Brown Swiss
Name 2 considerations when designing a facility.
Geography
Costs
What is the main goal of raising replacement heifers
Freshen heifers between 22-24 months, maximize milk production
What are the 6 flows
- Cow flow
- People flow
- Feed flow
- Equipment flow
- Air flow
- Manure flow
What is colostrum
Dams first milk, provides essential antibodies
Why is the 2-4 month old age group important
