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Math 310 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

_______ + _______ = ________

A

Addend + Addend = Sum

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2
Q

_______ - _______ = ________

A

minuend - subtrahend = difference

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3
Q

_______ x _______ = ________

A

factor x factor = product

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4
Q

_______ / _______ = ________

A

dividend / divisor = quotient

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5
Q

Zero can be a ____

A

Dividend

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6
Q

Zero CANNOT be a ___

A

Divisor

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7
Q

Define a Fact Family

A

A collection (+,-,x,/) of related number sentences that all use the same numbers.

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8
Q

Define a scenario

A

A setting or context that helps children decide whether they should +,-,x, or /.

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9
Q

Counting Numbers

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5… (Pre-K)

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10
Q

Whole Numbers

A

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5… (K-4th)

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11
Q

Integers (Signed #s)

A

The whole numbers together with their opposites (neg).
…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…

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12
Q

Is zero even or odd?

A

Even

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13
Q

Is zero positive or negative?

A

Neither!

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14
Q

Pos x pos =
neg x neg =
neg x pos =
pos x neg=

A

pos
pos
neg
neg

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15
Q

neg / neg =
pos / neg =
neg/ pos =
pos/ pos =

A

pos
neg
neg
pos

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16
Q

pos + neg =
neg + pos =
neg + neg =
pos + pos =

A

either
either
neg
pos

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17
Q

pos - pos =
neg - neg =
neg- pos =
pos - neg =

A

either
either
neg
pos

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18
Q

Number Sentence Pattern

A

List of changing number sentences that use familiar knowledge to get unfamiliar integer answers. Starts with 3 familiar number sentences.
3 - 3 = 0
3- 2 = 1
3 - 1 = 0
3 - 0 = 3
3 - (-1) = 4
etc.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of decimal numbers?

A

To extend the idea of place value to allow fractional values.

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20
Q

Define place value

A

concept; the value of a digit (0-9) is partly determined by where that digit is placed.

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21
Q

Word Forms: Hundreds, tens, ones, ., tenths, hundredths, thousandths, ten thousandths

A

Exponents: 10^2, 1^1, 10^0, 10^-1, 10^-2, 10^-3, 10^-4

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22
Q

Standard Form Example

A

300.017

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23
Q

Word Form Example

A

Three hundred and seventeen thousandths

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24
Q

Expanded Form Example

A

3 x 100 + 1 x 1/100 + 7 x 1/1,000

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25
Q

Expanded Form With Exponents Example

A

3 x 10^2 + 1 x 10^-2 + 7 x 10^-3

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26
Q

Define Algorithms

A

A step-by-step process for doing something

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27
Q

5 Rules of Division

A

1- The dividends point moves the same number of positions as the divisor point.
2-Why? It is a shortcut for fraction work
3- the quotient’s decimal point moves straight up from the dividend’s new point
4- Why? we choose to use partitioning division and the DIVIDEND AND QUOTIENT are the SAME KINDS OF THINGS in partitioning.
5- The divisor’s point moves to create a whole number. Why? In partitioning the divisor tells how many groups to make.

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28
Q

What are the Addition Scenario(s) - Whole #

A

1- Combine Scenario

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29
Q

What are the Subtraction Scenario(s) - Whole #

A

1- Take-Away
2- Missing Addend
3- Comparison

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30
Q

What are the Multiplication Scenario(s) - Whole #

A

1- Repeated Addition
2- Array/Area
3- Cartesian Product

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31
Q

What are the Division Scenario(s) - Whole #

A

1- Repeated Subtraction
2- Partitioning

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32
Q

What are the Addition Scenario(s) - Fractions

A

1- Combine

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33
Q

What are the Subtraction Scenario(s) - Fractions

A

1- Take Away
2- Missing Addend
3- Comparison

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34
Q

What are the Multiplication Scenario(s) - Fractions

A

1- Repeated Sets/ Repeated Addition
2- Array/Area
3- Part of a Part
4- Ratio

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35
Q

What are the Division Scenario(s) - Fractions

A

1- Repeated Subtraction
2- Partitioning

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36
Q

Changing the order of the addends does not change the sum

A

Commutative Property of Addition

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37
Q

Changing the order of the factors does not change the product

A

Commutative Property of Multiplication

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38
Q

Changing the grouping of the addends does not change the sum

A

Associative Property of Addition

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39
Q

Changing the grouping of the factors does not change the product

A

Associative Property of Multiplication

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40
Q

Adding zero to any number leaves that number unchanged

A

Identity Property of Additions

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41
Q

Multiplying any number 1 leaves that number unchanged

A

Identity Property of Multiplication

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42
Q

Multiplying any number by 0 gives 0

A

Zero Property of Multiplication

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43
Q

Every property is an ______

A

Equality

44
Q

Three Decimal Appearances

A
  1. Terminating
  2. Repeating
  3. Non-Terminating and Non-Repeating
45
Q

Terminating Decimal

A

decimal stops after a finite number of decimal positions
ex. 0.5
Rational Number

46
Q

Define a Rational Number

A

a number that can be written as a fraction of integers

47
Q

Define an Irrational Number

A

A number that CANNOT be written as such a fraction.

48
Q

Define a Real Number

A

Any number that that can be written using decimal notations

49
Q

Repeating Decimal

A

Repeating the same exact block of numbers forever, to the right
Rational Number

50
Q

Non-Terminating and Non-Repeating

A

Number does not stop and does not repeat
Irrational Number “Growing Pattern”

51
Q

What is the concept of Denseness

A

The idea that between any two unequal decimal numbers there is always another.

52
Q

“per cent”

A

out of 100

53
Q

Three kinds of notation to convert

A
  1. percent sign %
  2. fractions
  3. decimals
54
Q

fraction to decimal

A

divide numerator / denominator

55
Q

decimal to fraction

A

sometimes not possible

56
Q

decimal to percent

A

multiply by 100 and attach the % sign

57
Q

percent to decimal

A

divide by 100 and remove % sign

58
Q

fraction to percent

A

divide to create decimal and then multiply by 100 and add the % sign

59
Q

percent to fraction

A

put percent over 100

60
Q

Non-contextual word problems (visual technique)

A

is over of = % over 100

61
Q

Non-contextual word problems

A
  1. what number is 68.4% of 23.9?
  2. What % of 132 is 158?
  3. 19.7 is 36.2% of what number?
62
Q

Big Rule of %

A

Always take % of older number in context

63
Q

Percent Applications

A
  1. Percent increase/decrease
  2. discount and mark up
64
Q

Define Statistics

A

A field of math that involves gathering information (data), summarizing it, and deciding what it means.

65
Q

Three types of statistics

A
  1. Experimental statistics
  2. Descriptive statistics
  3. Inferential statistics
66
Q

Define Experimental Statistics

A

gathering or collecting data

67
Q

Define Descriptive Statistics

A

summarizing or communicate data/share with others

68
Q

Define Inferential Statistics

A

make meaning or drawing conclusions from data

69
Q

Two types of data

A
  1. Numerical
  2. Categorical
70
Q

Central Tendency

A

A single number that represents the “center” of a set of data

71
Q

Measures of spread

A

range, standard deviation,

72
Q

Mode

A

gives the most frequent score

73
Q

Median

A

the middle score, after all of the scores are put in order

74
Q

Mean

A

add all of the values and divide by how many values

75
Q

Range

A

biggest value - smallest value

76
Q

Standard Deviation

A

the smaller it is, the closer all of the scores cluster

77
Q

Order of Operations

A

PEMDAS

78
Q

Define Exponents

A

When A is a real number, and n is a counting number.

79
Q

A^m x A^n

A

A^m+n

80
Q

(A^m)n

A

A^mxn

81
Q

A^m / A^n

A

A^ m-n

82
Q

Define Probability

A

A field of mathematics that studies chance or likelihood

83
Q

4 kinds of probability

A
  1. Intuitive probability
  2. Geometric probability
  3. Experimental probability
  4. Theoretical probability
84
Q

Ways to express probability

A

words
percent
decimal
fraction
ratio

85
Q

Define experiment

A

an activity whose results can be observed and recorded.
ex. toss coin, weather

86
Q

Define outcome

A

a single result that can happen in an experiment
ex. heads, snow

87
Q

Define sample space

A

a set or collection of all possible outcomes for an experiment
using set notation { }
ex. {heads, tails}

88
Q

Define event

A

a collection or set of (usually) related outcomes.
ex. {snow, sleet, hail}

89
Q

How many outcomes need to be in an outcome to say that an event DID happen

A

One

90
Q

Define Intuitive Probability

A

Uses words to describe chance
ex. certain, impossible, even chance, likely, and unlikely

91
Q

Define Geometric Probability

A

The probability of events is based on their area in some shape
P(E)= area devoted to E / total area of SS

92
Q

Define trial

A

performing or simulating the experiment ONE time.

93
Q

Define Experimental Probability

A

finds probabilities by actually performing/simulating the experiment, and P(E) = # of times E occurred / total # of trials

94
Q

Define Uniform Sample Space

A

The outcomes are equally likely

95
Q

Define Theoretical Probability

A

It’s based on thinking about ideal situations
P(E) = # of favorable outcomes / total # of outcomes in uniform ss

96
Q

Define the Fundamental Counting Principle

A

Describes how we can count the number of ways to complete a step-by-step task

97
Q

4 steps in the process of measurement

A
  1. choose (be given) an attribute to measure
  2. Choose (be given) appropriate units to measure the attribute
  3. Line up/cover/fill the attribute with units
  4. Count how many units you used and Report the answer
98
Q

Define Personal Reference

A

a mental image/idea of how big a particular unit is

99
Q

2 main systems of measurement

A
  1. Metric system
  2. English/customary system
100
Q

What is 12 inches in feet

A

1 foot

101
Q

What is 3 feet in yards

A

1 yard

102
Q

What is 5,280 feet in miles

A

1 mile

103
Q

What is 16 oz in lbs

A

1 pound

104
Q

What is 2,000 lbs in tons

A

1 ton

105
Q

What is 4 quarts in gallons

A

1 gallon

106
Q

BIG IDEA for common sense/number sense

A

Big # of small units = small # of big units

107
Q

Order of prefixes

A

kilo
hecto
deka
base
deci
centi
milli

Math 310 (1 decks)

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