Final Exam Flashcards
What is the relationship between age & anxiety in the elderly?
As age increases, the rate of anxiety disorders increases.
Symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder typically appear before the age of:
3
To treat his conduct disorder, Kennedy attends therapy sessions with other children who also have conduct disorder. The group sessions focus on strategies to help effectively manage their anger, solve problems, & develop social skills. What is Kennedy participating in?
the coping power program
What is the DSM-5-TR disorder that describes children patterns of severe rage
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
What behavior suggests that a child has autism spectrum disorder?
The child is not responsive to other people
Research suggests that the physiological needs of children who have been abused should be addressed:
as early as possible
What led to the introduction of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder as a diagnostic category in the DSM-5?
the belief that too many children were being diagnosed with bipolar disorder
Most elderly people with schizophrenia were initially diagnosed & treated for it:
when they were much younger
Most weekday mornings, Alexsander argues with his parents & refuses to get up & get ready for school. This causes him to be absent several days a week. Even though his parents have rules limiting the amount of time he spends watching television and playing video games, he blatantly disregards the rules. He refuses to do chores, and commonly throws temper tantrums to get his way. He is not physically aggressive. This behavior has been going on for nine months. Alexsander’s symptoms are MOST consistent with:
oppositional defiant disorder
Someone who repeatedly defecates in his or her clothes involuntarily would be said to have:
encopresis
A young child displays an intellectual (ID). His health care provider determines the causes of overexposure to lead. The lead exposure is an example of what kind of biological cause of ID?
childhood problems
A 65-year old in very good health typically will experience occasional:
memory difficulties
A disorder that has significant cognitive deterioration, dementia, has been reclassified as:
neurocognitive disorder
Rebecca is 68 years old and has just been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. This disorder is most likely:
GAD
In addition to having an IQ score of approximately ____ or below, to be diagnosed with intellectual disability, a person must have poor adaptive behavior.
70
Among the most important brain structures in short-term memory formation is the:
prefrontal cortex
A childhood disorder marked by repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one’s clothes is known as:
enuresis
A child displays normal behavior & intelligence, but she does not seem to be able to explain her actions & intentions as well as you would expect. If the deficit is severe enough, she might be diagnosed with:
a language disorder
When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps his arms, twists his hands & fingers, and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in:
Self-stimulatory behavior
Drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease affect to NT in the brain: is glutamate and:
acetylcholine
Among elderly persons who would benefit from mental health services MOST:
do not get the treatment they need
In the last 24 hours Rudy has suddenly begun having great difficultly concentrating & thinking in an organized way. He is confused about where he is and he is experiencing hallucinations. What is most likely happening with Rudy?
he is experiencing delirium
What age is part of the fastest-growing age group in most countries?
85 years old
Dawna begins to exhibit symptoms of schizophrenia at the age of 70. This diagnoses is:
uncommon. It’s unusual for new cases of schizophrenia to develop later in life.
_____ is an inherited progressive disease in which memory problems worsen over time, and the person develops personality changes, mood difficulties, and movement problems such as severe twitching and spasms
Huntington’s disease
At home, abigail has always been very talkative with her siblings and parents. However, when she went out in public she was a bit more standoffish and would not talk with others. Her parents weren’t concerned until she started preschool. She has been in school for 4 months and still hasn’t spoken to her teacher or classmates. What is Abigail displaying signs of:
selective mutism
Winnie, who has intellectual disability, goes to school with other children her age, most of the children and her class do not have a disability when he’s placement is referred to as
mainstreaming
A 67-year-old woman has just started using social media and messaging apps to keep up with friends and family when compared with others her age, her behaviors are
very uncommon because elderly individuals rarely understand how to use internet
A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting, and and hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive, and has engaged and increasing number of fights the most appropriate diagnosis for this child is.
conduct disorder
Attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder is more common in _______ than in _____
males; females
Yuri starts drinking heavily after the death of his wife, who he was married to for 58 years. What kind of substance abuse would this be called?
late-onset alcoholism
What usually causes intellectual deficits among the elderly
cerebrovascular disease
Elsa is an individual with Alzheimer’s disease who is able to function independently the most appropriate label for her condition is
mild neurocognitive disorder
Hormonal changes, life demand, and body dissatisfaction are all possible reasons that explain why
postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys
Nadia has been taking her Vicodin whenever she’s in pain sometimes as often as every two hours even though Harper prescription says every 4 to 6 hours this kind of misuse, a prescription am among the elderly is
most often unintentional
The COVID-19 pandemic had especially great psychological effects on people over 65. These effects included higher rates of all of the following, except.
Devante does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms most likely indicate.
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
An elderly person who develops false beliefs that are not bizarre is most likely suffering from
delusional disorder
What does theory of mind refer to?
an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states
During autopsies of individuals who have died from Alzheimer’s disease, twisted protein fibers, have been found within the cells of the _____, which affects memory, as well as other areas of the brain
hippocampus
The symptoms of vascular neurocognitive disorder
begin suddenly
Ned is extremely sad and has difficulty sleeping. He also experiences very low self-esteem. That seems to be sadly getting even lower these are features of.
depression
Among the elderly there is a positive correlation between
depression and mortality rate
Which area of psychology focuses on the mental health of the elderly
geropsychology
The metabolic disorder most commonly causes intellectual disability is
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Erica has moderate intellectual disability. She also has a smaller than a flat face and high cheekbones. Her condition is most likely.
downsyndrome
What is the most effective ADHD treatment program?
drugs, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, work best
An 80 year-old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery, but now has gotten an infection of the course of a few days. The person shows increasing confusion and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate to her. the most probable diagnosis for this condition is
delirium
What does it mean to say that intelligence test are culturally biased?
Social class plays a big part in how children test// IQ tests on things learned, but not “street smarts”
What are some of the specific symptoms associated with dyslexia?
an impairment in the ability to recognize words and comprehend what is being read
The ____ variable is manipulated in an experiment to determine whether it has an effect on another variable
independent
Multicultural theorist would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as most likely due to
social factors leading to stress
The television, a person watches, the lower that person’s grade in school are likely to be this statement indicates an ________ correlation between hours, watching TV and grades
negative
The theoretical orientation of a person conducting and psychological assessment affect the
range & scope of the assessment
The most legitimate criticism of intelligence concerns their
cultural fairness
Freud believed that all functioning normal, and abnormal originates from
unconscious psychological processes
To decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study in their rights. This principal is called.
informed consent
Assessment tool, such as a depression, severity rating scale are used to provide which kind of information for making a diagnosis
dimensional
Joni has social anxiety whenever she has to attend a party she speaks to people she knows well according to the cognitive behavioral model this is an example of _______ behavior
avoidance
The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client’s family structure, societal norms, and a client’s roles in society is:
sociocultural model
It is thought that people in prehistoric societies believed, abnormal behavior resulted from
evil spirits that invaded the body
A therapist listens carefully to a client, and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will engage in self examination with acceptance and honesty. Most likely this therapist is a ______ therapist
humanisitc
Understanding a persons, unconscious processes is critical, and explaining abnormality which model of abnormality does this quote most closely represent
psychodynamic
A focus of many community mental health program is
prevention
Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors and logic and tryout. New interpretations of events.
cognitive
Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy
mindfulness based behavioral therapy that challenges the ground rules of most Western psychology
Which model of abnormality sites physical processes as being the key to behavior
biological model
Fiona’s therapist has asked her to keep a log where she records every occasion where she feels an urge to engage in self harm. What Fiona has been asked to do is called.
self-monitoring
Which condition is not a factor that places significant stress on individuals and underrepresented groups?
increased educational opportunities
Which is not one of the four Ds of abnormality
Compare with correlational studies, case studies:
case studies are richer in detail
Three-year-old Jessica watches a car repair, show on television and then goes into her playroom to “fix a car”. This is an example of.
modeling
Which type of assessment would be used to assess unconscious drives and conflicts that may be at the root of abnormal functioning
projective
The assessment instrument most likely to be used to detect, subtle brain abnormalities is the
neuropsychological test
A therapist preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in every day environments and record their activities and behaviors. This approach is known as.
naturalistic observation
In treating a person with social anxiety, the therapist challenges, the person reported fears about being out in public, and simultaneously works to reduce avoidance behaviors on the part of the client. This therapist is practicing _______ therapy
cognitive behavioral
Humanistic psychologist, focused attention on the importance of peoples
potential for healthy growth
A ________ test is one that has been set up with common steps to be followed, whenever it is administered
standardized
Luther experiences, unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped, trying to cheer up, because nothing works and ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition.
melancholia
The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron, and the dendrite of the other is the
synapse
Imagine you subscribed to the cultural model of abnormality. Which would be a part of your paradigm
the family social perspective
Whereas the behavioral approach focuses on _______, the cognitive model targets _______ in explaining behavior
external events, mental processes
Which statement about DSM-5-TR is true
dsm-5 is an ongoing work in progress
Which french physician was associated with asylum reform and pushed for moral treatment
philippe pinel
The primary role of an institutional review board is to
The IRB reviews research proposals to ensure they are ethical and protect the participants from harm.
The perspective that focuses on when, how, in what context, and what degree the multiple factors in a persons life interact with one another is called
developmental psychopathology
One advantage of using a structured interview format is that it allows the clinician to
compare client’s responses
The ______ operate, an accord with a pleasure principle
id
If a study concludes the less coffee you drink the less anxiety you experience, the researchers most likely use
the correlational method
A theorist who believes that psychological factors are the primary causes of abnormal functioning adheres to the _____ perspective
psychodynamic
Support for the use of evidence based forms of psychotherapy
increased in recent years
A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated in the manipulations affect on another variable is observed, is known as
experimental method
Which of these factors contribute the most to therapy outcomes
events in the client’s life
The work of Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of many ______ around the United States
state hospitals
Which statement is the most accurate conclusion about the current understanding of abnormal psychology?
There is no single definition of abnormality, no single theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment.
Which assumption does a family systems therapist make
The family as a unit is viewed as the “patient” and the focus of treatment.
In science, the perspectives used to explain events are known as
paradigms
Caroline’s plane crashed but she survived her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with Caroline. Occasionally this situation probably contributed to Caroline’s coping ability after the accident. which of these relate as a factor and her response to stress.
social support
Catherine always feels threatened and anxious, imagining something awful is about to happen. She is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would, like, Catherine is probably experiencing.
GAD
Comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are
more intense & less prolonged
Selah used to pick at mosquito bites when she was younger and found out that it made her feel better when her parents divorced she began picking at her arm, causing it to break over and bleed. She would then pick at the scabs preventing them from healing properly now she finds that she engages in this behavior automatically when she is nervous about something, what would be her likely diagnosis
excoriation
People who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especially of an upsetting nature, are most likely experiencing
dissociative amnesia
When we encounter stressor, the _____ system, accelerates the automatic processes in our body. After the stressors over, the _____ system returns us to normal functioning
sympathetic; parasympathetic
Which diagnosis includes a breakdown and sense of self, a significant alteration and memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part
dissociative disorder
Which describes someone with depersonalization?
The person feels detached from his or her own body.
A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face her dreaded social situation, until the fear subsides is
exposure therapy
Which best describes someone experiencing derealization
The person feels as if the world has changed and become strange or surreal.
The key psychological stress disorders are
posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder
Disorders that involve particular patterns of repetitive and excessive behavior that greatly disrupt a persons life, and can cause shame are called
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders
Someone interested in how social change, poverty and affect the risk for generalized anxiety disorders, probably supports which perspective
sociocultural
A young man was picked up by police after he was found along an interstate highway and it confused state. The man possessed no identifying information, and he was unable to say who he was, or where he lived after his photograph appeared on television, a woman from an adjoining state identified man asked her father what form of dissociative disorder did this man appear to have
dissociative fugue
Coulson has lived in the same home for the past 53 years. It is so full of magazines, newspapers, old clothes, and junk mound that is difficult to move from room to room in the house. However, Coulson cannot seem to discard these possessions as he is afraid that he will get rid of something useful. What DSM-5 criteria do you suspect Colson meet?
_______ information is recalled under the same conditions that it was learned
state-dependent learning
Lillian is always edgy and nervous. She feels there is something to be afraid of though she cannot name it. She is most likely suffering from.
GAD
The network of gland that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the _____ system
endocrine
Factor to be considered discriminating, normal anxiety from abnormal anxiety is
functional impairment
Samantha adapts and copes effectively after hurricane devastates her home, she can be said to be demonstrating
resilience
Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of
dissociative disorder
What is the biggest difference between those individuals with body dysmorphic disorder, and those individuals who are unhappy with their appearance?
People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people
A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists, and one that continues to be influential. Today is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by.
maladaptive assumptions
What is the most common type of dissociative amnesia?
localized amnesia
Aria often has her hair in her hands and pulls at it when she is nervous, she tends to pull some of it out, which helps her feel better most of the time she does not even realize she’s doing this. which diagnosis would aria likely receive
trichotillomania
What are two components of stress
a stressor and a stress response
Panic disorder is commonly accompanied by
agoraphobia
During the COVID-19 pandemic rates of domestic abuse significantly, this was attributed to all of these, except
increased tobacco consumption
Which of these describes a compulsion
a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform
Before starting her car has a habit of always gripping the shift deliver and they turn signal three times each she is exhibiting
touching compulsion
Sonya had an unusual experience this morning as she walked into her class she suddenly felt she terror her heart rate, and she had difficulty breathing during the attack her thoughts, and she thought she might be losing control over herself. Sonya’s experience is best is described as
panic disorder
Ron Weasley, a Hogwarts student has had an intense fear of spiders since he was a toddler after consulting with a clinician he was diagnosed with
specific phobia
A person who witnessed a horrible car accident, and then became unusually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing
acute stress disorder
Those people most likely develop stress disorders are
anxious, and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them
The first step and systematic desensitization treatment is
relaxation training
Secily has a lot of trouble looking at herself in the mirror to put on her make up she thinks her nose is too big, and then it makes her look like a witch which of the following would be a likely diagnosis
body dysmorphic disorder
In the case of Kenneth Bianchi, a ______ discovered a second personality that went by the name, Steve, and committed serious crimes
psychiatrist
Which perspective focuses on the intersection and context of important factors, key points of time throughout a persons lifespan
the developmental psychopathology perspective
Some people suffer from a feeling that 1000 eyes are every move they make. In addition they may be preoccupied with an impression that they make on others usually assuming it to be negative as a result these people may avoid situations in which they will have to interact with large numbers of people. How would you categorize this behavior?
social anxiety disorder
How does fear differ from anxiety?
The most common behavioral expression of anxiety is
Anxiety is triggered by future circumstances, while fear is triggered by present ones.
The individuals who are most likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are
female, or low-income individuals
Which does not characterize stress disorders
a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event
Panic disorder is commonly accompanied by
agoraphobia
People who experience obsessions show
thoughts that are intrusive and foreign
When people are confronted with stressors the hypothalamus signals the _______ to release the adrenocorticotropic hormone
pituitary
the _____ is most common to both self hypnosis and dissociative identity disorder
the ability to escape threatening events
Anti-depressant drugs, often increase the anxiety of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and:
NE
Years after the US Civil War was over, many veterans diagnosed with soldiers, heart, still experienced, vivid flashbacks of their combat experiences, as well as nightmares and guilt about what they had done today their symptoms are considered consistent with
PTSD
Dissociative disorders are primarily and major disruption of
memory
When treating anorexia nervosa what is the first step that should be taken?
To increase calorie intake and quickly restore the person’s weight, using a strategy such as supportive nursing care.
Which symptom pair, denotes, and diagnosis of bipolar I disorder
mania and depression
Which statement best reflects the gender differences seen in unipolar depression
Women are at least twice as likely as men to have unipolar depression, but prevalence among boys and girls is similar
Which of the following medications is an individual with the diagnosis of bipolar most likely to receive
lithium
Which statement is the best example of a claim that would be made by a developmental psychopathology theorist
Depression is triggered by many factors that operate together in a developmental sequence.
According to cognitive theorist, the underlying distortion and eating disorders is related to
too much concern with eating, shape, and weight.
In the robins study discussed in the module three intro video compared with Americans, who became addicted to drugs in the United States Americans, who became addicted to drugs in the Vietnam
Which of the following is the most likely trigger for relapse for people with bulimia nervosa and people with anorexia nervosa
life stresses
Which statement about cannabis is true
A prime factor and nicotine, highly addictive potential is
its direct influence on the brain’s pleasure and motivation centers
Joey is obsessed with weightlifting even though he is extremely muscle. Joey still believes he’s scrawny and starts taking steroids. Joey has.
reverse anorexia
Reward deficiency syndrome may be caused by abnormal receptors for the neurotransmitter
dopamine
A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives, and otherwise fits the definition of anorexia is experiencing
binge-eating/purge-type anorexia nervosa
How does bipolar I disorder differ from bipolar II disorder?
with bipolar I disorder an individual must have a manic episode and with bipolar II disorder a person must alternate between hypomanic and major depressive episodes.
Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression, then do others around the world
sociocultural
And the TED talk assigned for a personal reflection, Joann Harri, stated the opposite of addiction is not _____. The opposite of addiction is ______
Thomas Hides away in his room and consumes several cartons of ice cream and a couple of boxes of donuts and a span of 30 minutes. He feels unable to stop eating until everything is gone then is overwhelmed with shame at the amount he has consumed he then goes back to what he was doing before Thomas most likely has
binge-eating disorder
In the Marlatt et al. (1973) studying disgusted in module three video intro they used to taste preference task with alcoholics. What were their findings?
Aaron Beck believes that ______ contributes to the development of depression
maladaptive attitude
After snowboarding accident, Jackson was taken to the hospital with broken wrist and sprained elbow. He was almost immediately given a shot that reduced his pain the shot was most likely an
Cocaine appears to produce its affected, primarily triggering the release of excessive amounts of ______ in the brain
dopamine
What is the purpose of an antagonist drug?
Which of these is a legal stimulant
caffeine
Which statement about people with bulimia nervosa is accurate
They generally maintain their normal weight, with some fluctuations
What is the part of the brain most closely associated with the control of eating and body weight?
hypothalamus
The major categories of disorders are distinguished from each other along the dimensions of mood - elated, depressed, or both - and the _______
length of time the mood has persisted
Which professions put one at the greatest risk for an eating disorder
actors and certain athletes
Tom is a behavioral therapist for patient with bulimia nervosa. He treats one of his patients, David, by exposing him to situations that usually cause binge episodes and then preventing him from binge eating. This technique is.
exposure and response prevention
Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder share all of the following characteristics, except
inappropriate rises in mood
It has occurred to Gerald that his bachelors degree and psychology. He’s going to make a scientific discovery that will change the way the modern world of view, the etiology of schizophrenia. During one of his three day periods of extreme cognitive productivity, Gerald produced a journal article on his thesis purchase 10 pairs of pants from the shopping channel and operated on less than four hours of sleep per night, which of the following with best, describe Gerald’s behavior.
manic episode
The disorder marked by numerous period hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms is called
cyclothymic disorder
The significant difference between binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa is that individuals with binge eating disorder
binge-eating disorder individuals do not engage in purging
Your friend has been restless all day, and suddenly insists that you go to the casino. You know your friend has been to the casino multiple times in the past two weeks and that he also has an important research paper he should be working on however, he relentlessly pursues the idea of going to the casino, does your friend qualify for the diagnosis of gambling disorder?
maybe; the restlessness and prioritizing of gambling over other responsibilities could be signs of gambling disorder
Carrie states that she is in a bad place in her head. She feels down has little appetite and has noticed some weight loss lately. She’s not interested in any of her usual activities because they leave her family empty and are just too much effort. She is different to friends and family and has begun having recurrent thoughts of suicide. Carrie is best described as suffering from.
major depressive disorder
Lasting improvement for a person with anorexia nervosa depends on
addressing underlying psychological problems
Matthew has a drink in the morning on rising and has a cocktail with breakfast, he usually sneaks a snort during the morning (just to get through the day) and then drinks during lunch later at home he generally has a small dinner, and since in front of the TV, drinking wine often an entire bottle. Somehow he managed to get up and go to work the next morning. Matthew is displaying.
substance use disorder
Barbara thought she was taking an aspirin but became very nauseated later after drinking a glass of wine it was then that she realized the pill was
disulfiram
A study of men show that they describe the ideal male as _____ and the ideal female as ______
muscular; thin
Detoxification procedures may involve any of these, except
initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive.
An inappropriate compensatory behavior may be defined as
any action taken to counteract a binge or avoid weight gain
Laura is a college aged woman with a history of dieting. over the past few months she has drastically reduced how much food she consumes. She views her constant hunger pain as a positive sign that she is maintaining control over her eating even though her weight is now below average. Laura still views herself as fat. as her healthcare provider you suspect possible anorexia and nervosa. which other sign or symptoms would be present with anorexia nervosa
fear of becoming overweight
William takes two drugs at the same time and experiences antagonist effects. William most likely took which combination of drugs.
cocaine and barbiturates
A frequent drug user that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the high that much lower doses once produced that drug user is developing
tolerance
Alejandra has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. her dinner last night consisted of celery sticks, a spoonful of hummus, half of a slice of pita bread and a cup of tea feeling full and bloated. After eating Alejandra decided to work out on the treadmill for 40 minutes which of the following anorexia nervosa subtypes accurately describes her condition.
restricting
While major depression is ______, dsythymia depressant disorder is ______
Every person experiences _____ or more episodes of shifting between mania and depression within a one year. They’re disorder it would be classified as rapid cycling.
4
Christian has been suffering from a form of mood disorder. He experiences insomnia and feels low on energy at times, and then at other times he seems to be very energetic and experiences a state of ecstasy identify the mood disorder affecting.
bipolar disorder
Life is industrialized nations exposes people to extra stress including sleep, deprivation, unhealthy, diets, and fast paced, living according to Illardi, these lifestyle factors create a breeding ground for _______
depression (poor physical health=poor mental state)
Deborah frequently speaks in front of large groups to calm her anxiety. She usually has a couple of glasses of wine before beginning to speak. This medicinal use of alcohol can be explained most easily.
operant conditioning
Which of these are neurotransmitters associated with unipolar depression
serotonin and NE
