Final Exam Flashcards
Who is Wilfrid Laurier (1941-1919)?
-First French speaking PM of Canada (1896-1911)
-He was a republican who believed in separation of church and state.
-Very left sided
-Middle Man
What are the 3 big crisises during Wilfird Laurier’s time in gouvernment?
1-The question of French schools in Manitoba:
-Manitoba was bilingual as time went a lot of immigrants came which created an Anglo majority. This resulted in them stepping away from the bilingual status.
-PM of Manitoba abolished bill and stopfunding Catholic schools.
Wilfried Laurier action:
-He represented French Manitoban
-French classes were given where the number of francophones were in special French classes.
2-Participation in the Boer war:
- Very unpopular war in South Africa
-War sparked between the British and South Africans over gold
-Quebec did not want to participate
-Orange men in ON pressured Laurier to participate
Wilfried Laurier action:
-Collected volunteers which lead to a small participation.
-Funded 3M
3-Imperialism and the naval question:
-Alfred Mahan: was a history professor at the naval academy in US and he wrote a book titled” The Influence of Sea Power on History” he explained that if you wanted to be big power you needed a big navy.
-Navy race between Germany and British; In Canada all the orange men wanted to do war however what was proposed was that Canada should give money to the British to get more boats.
-Quebec did not agree and thought we should have our own navy instead.
Wilfried Laurier action:
-Started his own navy and did not give money to the British
Who is Robert Bordon?
1911- Wilfried Laurier lost the election on the naval question (Imperialism and the naval question) and Robert Bordon was elected. He believed that Wilfried Laurier mad a lot of mistakes.
He was a…
-Strong believer in ties with Britain
-Strong believer in imperialism
-Kicked out most France in 1915
Who is Sam Hughes?
-Defence Minister during WW1. He was extremely enthusiastic, only fear was that the war would end before Canadians arrived.
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What did Sam Hughes impose during the War act?
1917: “temporary” war income tax (first time income tax was put forward in Canada)
Taxes were seen a patriotic action as it was for a good cause.
How did Sam Hughes want his miliatry to look like?
Hughes advocated for a predominantly white Anglo-Protestant military. This discriminatory stance became evident when Afro-Canadians from Nova Scotia attempted to register and volunteer, only to be met with the response, “it’s a white man’s war.” Consequently, black Afro-Canadians were relegated to regiments primarily tasked with non-combat roles, such as lumberjacks, rather than participating in frontline fighting units.
Reality Sam Hughes was a very British man he wanted an Anglo army. He was openly anti French, Black, Jews etc.
Why did Sam Hughes make camps?
As the war intensified, notably evidenced by the devastating Battle of the Somme in July 1916, where casualties were staggering, attitudes began to shift. The dire need for manpower became undeniable amidst the blood war. Consequently, by 1916, the perception evolved, and there was a realization that all available Canadians
Very involved in war effort was scared that the Canadian soldiers were going to miss the war. Built a camp in 3 months in Valcartier and rushed soldiers into training
Explain the three main battles during WW1 that the Canadaian participated in
(1) Battle of Ypres (22 April 1915)
-The first combat action for the Canadians soldiers
-First real fight with a lot of Canadian involved
- Use of gas by Germans
(2) Battle of the Somme (July 1, 1916)
-British and Canadian army thought a major offensive plan.
-Bombed German positions for 5 days and 5 nights
-1st hour 10,000 dead
-First knowledge of war
(3) Battle of Vimy ridge (April 1917)
-Most rehearsed battle
-Arthur Curry: First officer to lead Canadian troops (use to be the British)
- The 4 Canadians division fought together for the first time.
What is the Vimy ridge myth
The Battle of Vimy Ridge became a nation-building myth for Canada, as it was the first time all four Canadian divisions fought together. However, it wasn’t the bloodiest battle Canada was involved in, and much of the planning was done by the British. Additionally, many in the Canadian forces were British born, making it more of a joint effort than a purely Canadian affair.
Robert Borden during WW1
Robert Borden, the Prime Minister of Canada during World War I, promised there wasn’t going to be a conscription. The people who were concern was the French Canadians farmers in the west (farmers needed their sons to help them with the harvest). However when he visited the United Kingdom and witnessed the conditions faced by Canadian soldiers who had volunteered to fight. Seeing the unequal burden placed on Canadian volunteers compared to soldiers from other countries, Borden deemed it unjust and advocated for conscription, or compulsory military service, to ensure a more equitable distribution of the war effort among Canadians.
Low rates of volunteer.
Bordon asks Laurier for an alliance, but he refuses.
August 1911:
Conscription was imposed exemption for farmers, no kids (only 20-45 yrs old)Because of this conscription a lot of people in western Canada wouldn’t vote for the Tories.
Who was part of the anti conscription?
Quebec
Henri Bourassa and the opposition to the conscription
-Introduced to limit use of French in schools.
-10% French in Ontario at that time (After 2nd primary year = no more French)
-Prior these people had access to schools that were funded by the gov.
Went from having French for one year to a couple of hours a day. Seen as a shock.
What is the Francoeur motion?
First sepratist movement
-Motion “if we’re so much of a problem (French Canadians) in Canada we can leave.”
-First time a separators motion was put forward in parliament Quebec.
-This brought forward the idea of separation which is a marginal idea.
Winnipeg Strike
May 15, 1919: in just a few hours, nearly 30,00 workers walked off the job.
-Bloody Saturday=Northwest mounted police charged into a crowd of strikes injuring 30 people and killing one
Always suspicious in Ottawa that all shriek movements in Canada can be organized by communist movement.
What was the CCF about ?
-First socilaist party in Canada
-Founded in Calgary in 1932, the C.C. F (co-operation commonwealth federation) become an important party in the political landscape of Western Canada, it defined itself as a socialist party for the defence of the working class. The social gospel had a strong push toward progressive idea and the C.C.F was an example of these idea
What is a Flapper
Woman in 20’s in North American who can vote, drink, smoke etc. they had short hair and lived life freely.
