Final Exam Flashcards
The cranial skeleton is composed of which two major components?
neurocranium and branchiocranium
The premaxillae, maxillae and supramaxilla make up which region of the skull?
mandibular arch
The dilator, adductor and levator muscles function to open and
close which structure of the head?
The operculum (gill cover)
What are bones that support the caudal fin rays called?
hypurals
In bony fish, what bone of the pectoral girdle provides for the range of motion?
scapula
Sharks, skates and rays possess which type of scale, otherwise known as a dermal denitcle?
placoid
What do icthyologists call the many tiny needle like teeth used for impaling prey, like found in gar and lizardfish?
Villiform dentition
Which muscle type is used for prolonged swimming, and fatigues slowly?
Red muscle tissue
What is the material called that supports the median fin rays of cartilaginous fishes?
ceratotrichia
Countable structures used to identify species are referred to as morphometric or meristic data?
meristic
Which major blood vessel transports oxygenated blood from the gills to the body?
dorsal aorta
What is the primary function of the semicircular canals of a fish’s inner ear?
equilibrium/position
Fish that can tolerate a broad range of temperatures are referred to as_____________?
eurythermal
Which morphological adaptation provides the greatest lift to sharks?
the heterocercal caudal fin
The telencephalon and diencephalon comprise which region of a fish’s brain?
forebrain
Which organ of the endocrine system is responsible for regulating growth, reproduction, and osmoregulation?
pituitary gland
The primary processing responsibilities of the mesencephalon part of the brain are vision, hearing and ____________?
lateral line processing
Ampullar and tuberous organs are involved in what type of sensory reception?
electroreception
What is the organ of the digestive system that resembles finger-like projections and assists in the absorption of nutrients?
pyloric caeca
Which two organs are responsible osmoregulatory functions?
gills and kidneys
What are the two primary types of respiration exhibited by fishes?
buccal pumping and ram ventilation
What is the lomotory motion called that acts like a wave along the body or fin?
undulation
A fish that requires access to air to survive through periods of extreme drought or low dissolved oxygen is referred to as an _____________?
obligate air breather
A gas bladder that is connected to the gut, requiring the gulping of air to inflate is called a ___________ gas bladder.
physostomous
