Final Exam

Question 1

acid+metal=

Answer 1

salt+H2 gas

Question 2

acid+carbonate=

Answer 2

salt+CO2 gas+H2O

Question 3

acid+base=

Answer 3

salt+H2O

Question 4

solubility rules to salt produced

Answer 4

Question 5

An acid or base is neutralized when…

Answer 5

moles of OH-=moles of H+

Question 6

If pH=pKA

Answer 6

the acid is 50% HA and 50% A-

Question 7

pH<pKA

Answer 7

the acid will be mostly protonated

Question 8

large pKa

Answer 8

=weaker acid

Question 9

pH>pKa

Answer 9

acid will be mostly deprotonated

Question 10

low pH

Answer 10

=acidic solution

Question 11

high pH

Answer 11

=basic solution

Question 12

small pKa

Answer 12

=stronger acid

Question 13

pKa

Answer 13

-log(Ka)

Question 14

10^(pKa-pH)

Answer 14

=HA/A-

Question 15

A buffer

Answer 15

contains a weak acid and its conjugate base

Question 16

pH of a buffer

Answer 16

pH=pKa+log[A-]/[HA]

Question 17

To choose a weak acid for a buffer

Answer 17

find a weak acid with pKa close to desired pH

Question 18

S Orbital

Answer 18

Spherical, 1 orbital, each s orbital can hold 2 electrons

Question 19

P Orbital

Answer 19

two lobed shape, 3 orbitals, 2 electrons per orbital, can hold 6 electrons

Question 20

D Orbital

Answer 20

4 lobed shape, 5 orbitals make up d sublevels, 2 electrons per orbital, 10 total electrons

Question 21

Alpha particle

Answer 21

2 protons, 2 neutrons ex: 4/2He or alpha

Question 22

Beta particle

Answer 22

high energy electron ex: 0/-1e or beta

Question 23

Positron

Answer 23

high energy anti-electron ex:0/+1 e or beta

Question 24

gamma ray

Answer 24

high-energy photon ex:0/0y

Question 25

Calculate the age of an object

Answer 25

t=t1/2 ln(Nt/N0)/ln(1/2)

Question 26

Ionic

Answer 26

metal and non-metal

Question 27

Covalent

Answer 27

non-metal and non-metal

Question 28

0-0.4

Answer 28

non polar covalent bond

Question 29

0.5-1.8

Answer 29

polar covalent bond

Question 30

1.9+

Answer 30

ionic bond

Question 31

Symmetry that results in a polar molecule…

Answer 31

trigonal pyramidal, bent

Question 32

Symmetry may cancel polar bonds if…

Answer 32

linear, trigonal planar, or tetrahedral

Question 33

What’s required in order for a hydrogen bond to happen?

Answer 33

Must be bonded with N, O, or F. Must have lone pair on molecules

Question 34

Trends with stronger forces

Answer 34

higher melting temperature, higher boiling, lower vapor pressure

Question 35

Positive delta H

Answer 35

heat is a reactant=heat is absorbed

Question 36

Negative delta H

Answer 36

heat is a product=heat is released

Question 37

pH=

Answer 37

-log(H3O)

Question 38

Kw

Answer 38

=[OH-][H3O+]

Question 39

H3O=

Answer 39

KaHA/A-

Question 40

conversion pressure units

Answer 40

Question 41

6 strong acids

Answer 41

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4

Question 42

Strong bases

Answer 42

group 1 and 2 hydroxides

Question 43

Arrhenius acids

Answer 43

electrolytes that produce h+ ions in water

Question 44

Arrhenius bases

Answer 44

electrolytes that produce OH- ions in water BLUE

Question 45

Bronsted-Lowry theory

Answer 45

acids donate a proton (H+), bases accept a proton (H+)