Final Exam Flashcards
Choose the defining characteristic(s) of ruminants:
- herbivores
- ungulates
- pre gastric fermentation
The rumen is composed of 5 sacs. Which one is NOT considered a sac of the rumen?
- Cranial
- Ventral
- Ventral Blind
- Dorsal
- Dorsal Blind
- Reticulum
reticulum
Why should a prey species have a ruminant gastrointestinal tract?
- Ruminants can digest later on in a safe place
- Ruminant digestive systems allow for increased time in between meals
Volatile fatty acids are an end product of fermentation. What are the 3 most common VFA’s and their total number of carbons?
Acetate C2, Propionate C3, Butyrate C4
The __________ is the main site of pregastric fermentation, while the ___________ does this but also catches harmful objects. Most water absorption happens in the __________ which may also act as a pump regulating liquid passage. The ___________ is the site of gastric secretions. Absorbing nutrients within the stomach complex happens most efficiently in the _________ .
rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, rumen
In the abomasum, cheif cells synthesize ____.
pepsin
Why is it important to know the evolution of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract?
The adaptation of the ruminant GI tract allows diverse species to thrive through symbiosis.
What does the microflora NOT contribute to the symbiosis relationship with a ruminant?
Controls the temperature
What is an example of a chemical property that influences digestion?
heat treatment
T or F: Dry matter intake and physical characteristics of feed influence residence time, while rate of fermentation is influenced by concentration of microbes and intrinsic traits of feed.
True
What type of grazing strategy do sheep exhibit?
intermediate feeder
What happens in the gastrointestinal tract of a browser?
Lower retention time
The prehensile action of cattle and goats differ. Generally, _______ are the least discriminate when choosing what to eat whereas _______ are the most discriminate because they use their lips and teeth to pick through plant parts easily.
cattle, goats
Why is it not always a good idea to put sheep and cattle together when interspecies grazing?
They compete for the same resources
Typically, cattle are harvested around 80% of physiological maturity. Which of the following might result in a shift of the ideal time of harvest from 80% of physiological maturity for cattle? Select all that apply.
- change in feed price
- change in value of the animal
Where is puberty defined on the composition of gain curve?
More than 50% of caloric intake contributes to adipose gain
Where do animals partition nutrients to before anything else?
maintenance
Why is it difficult to get dairy cows pregnant during lactation?
They partition nutrients toward lactation over reproduction
Which nutrients provide energy for the body to use? Select all that apply.
- carbohydrates
- protein
- lipids
The amount of energy to raise the temperature of 1 mL of water by 1 degree Celsius is a _________ .
calorie
What units of measure are most often used for energy among ruminant nutritionists when evaluating cattle diets?
Mcal
Having a positive retained energy means cattle have enough energy towards development, gain, or lactation. What does it mean when an animal is in a negative energy balance?
Expending more energy than they are getting from food
Immunity, Reproduction, Lactation, Muscle, etc. have a metabolic priority in the body. What happens in the bloodstream regarding delivery of nutrients?
Changes in nutrient flux depending on the metabolic priority
In the net energy system, there is _________ energy lost between gross energy and digestible energy. Net energy is differentiated from metabolizable energy due to _________ energy losses.
fecal, heat