final Exam Flashcards
Precede
Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational/environmental diagnosis and evaluation
Proceed
Policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in educational and environmental development
Precede/Proceed Phase 1
Social Assessment
Precede/Proceed Phase 2
Epidemiological, behavioral and environmental assessment
Precede/Proceed Phase 3
Educational and ecological assessment
Precede/Proceed Phase 4
Administration and Policy Assessment
Precede/Proceed Phase 5
Implementation
Precede/Proceed Phase 6
Process Evaluation
Precede/Proceed Phase 7
Impact Evaluation
Precede/Proceed Phase 8
Outcome Evaluation
Approaches to reducing health disparities
improving access to primary care and updating and more vigorously enforcing consumer and environmental protection laws.
Health disparity
The disproportionate burden of disease, disability, or premature death borne by specific population groups
Population groups may be defined by demographic measures of geography, gender, age, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, race/ethnicity
A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage.
Health Inequality
An observable difference in opportunity, treatment, or status.
Heal Inequalities (examples)
Racism (institutional, interpersonal, internalized) Lower income Built environment - Lead paint, air quality Health insurance Transportation Language Health care – access, quality Discrimination
Behavioral Assessment
Measurement of behaviors in populations
State behavior objectives
Three principals
Maintain perspective on multiple determinants of the health problem or goal,
Select and rank the behavioral and environmental determinants to become targets of the program, and
Identify factors for which strategies other then health education may be developed and concurrently used as part of the overall health promotion effort.
Behavioral Indicators
Compliance Consumption patterns Coping Preventive action Self-care Utilization
Environmental Indicators
Economic
Physical
Services
Social
Quadrant 1
More important, More changeable, high priority for program focus
Quadrant 2
More important, less changeable, Priority for innovative program :evaluation crucial
Quadrant 3
Less Important, More Changeable, Low priority except to demonstrate change for political purposes
Quadrant 4
Less changeable, less important, no program
Predisposing factors
knowledge or awareness, beliefs values attitudes, self efficacy
Enabling factors
removal of barriers, environmental influence, skills development
reinforcing factors
peer influences, significant others, social supports
Administrative Assessment
Analysis of the resources and circumstances in your community or organization that could facilitate or hinder the health program required to affect the priority predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors identified earlier.
Formative Evaluation
research to produce information to be used during the developmental stages of a health promotion program to guide/improve it
Process Evaluation
- an evaluation that provides documentation on what is going on in a program and confirms the existence and availability of physical and structural elements of the program, includes documentation and description of specific program activities (how much of what, for whom, when and by whom and the satisfaction of the process)
- aims at evaluating the program condition, status, and quality when the program is in its implementation stage
- Example: client records, program records, monitoring reports, special purpose assessments, periodic monitoring
Summative Evaluation
an evaluation that provides a summary statement of the effectiveness for a health promotion program over a specified period of time
Program Impact Evaluation
an evaluation that assess the overall effectiveness of a program in producing favorable behavioral change
Health Outcome Evaluation
evaluation that assesses changes or improvement in morbidity, mortality or other health status indicators for a specified group of people
Outcome Evaluation
evaluation of health outcomes such as change of mortality or morbidity that resulted from the health promotion program
Line item budget
one line words and amounts
Performance budget
What people will be doing and the costs
program budget
Very few items, overarching costs
PERT
Project schedule-tasks, timeline, staffing (each activity, when it will be done and who will do it
Reciprocal determinism
a person can be both an agent for change and a responder to change. Thus, changes in the environment, the examples of role models, and reinforcements can be used to promote healthier behavior.
Fringe benefits
personel costs outside of salary 22% of salary
per diem
daily allowance for food and lodging
Budget Justification
explains all cost, where they are going, and what they are for and the reasons for them
Standards of acceptability
qualifications of staff, intensity and duration of instruction, access to and appropriateness of facilities, channels of communication, cultural sensitivity, encouragement of family and peer involvement, inspections to enforce regulations, competence in community organization methods
Validity
Accuracy of the measure in reflecting the concept it is suppose to measure
Internal Validity
Participation or participant maturation, testing or observation, instrumentation, statistical regression and artifacts, selection, participation attrition, interactive effects
How well it represents your actual group
External Validity
How generalizable your data is
Reliability
consistency of the measuring instrument
