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Crim final exam 8-13 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

(8) provincial and territorial systems are responsible for adults sentenced to how many years

A

2 years less than a day

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2
Q

(8) federal systems are responsible for adults sentenced to how many years

A

2 years and more

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3
Q

(8) what is the risk need responsivity model

A

Risk- correctional programs will be most effective if programing is directly towards moderate to high risk offenders
Need- the appropriate targets of treatment are criminogenic risk factors
responsivity- treatments are sensitive to individuals learning styles

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4
Q

(8) what are criminogenic risk factors

A

antisocial personality, pro-criminal attitudes, social supports for crime, substance use, family or marital strain, problems at work or school, problems with leisure or recreational time

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5
Q

(8) what is general responsivity

A

applied to everyone (cognitive social learning strategies)

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6
Q

(8) Specific responsivity

A

applied to the individual

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7
Q

(8) what is solitary confinement known as

A

inmate segregation and was replaced by structured intervention units

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8
Q

(8) what is the most common type of sentence

A

probation

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9
Q

(8) what are the two types of indeterminate sentences

A

life sentence (under CSC supervision until death either in custody or in the community) and dangerous offender

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10
Q

(8) what is sanction

A

a penalty such as a fine, probation or incarceration imposed on a person found guilty of a criminal offence

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11
Q

(8) what is one of the main purpose of the correctional system

A

to maximize inmates community reintegration potential while minimizing their risk of harm to the public

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12
Q

(8) what are the two purposes of a community based sentence

A

affords the criminal justice system a means of applying a suitable sanction in response to anti-social behavior, and 2 it does so without removing the offender from their community network and responsibilities

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13
Q

(8) what is the max length for probation

A

3 years

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14
Q

(8) what was the purpose for conditional sentences being created

A

to provide the courts with an alternative to custody while continuing to hold offenders accountable for their actions

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15
Q

(8) what are the two types of segregation

A

administrative segregation (AS) used to remove the prisoner from the general population who might harm staff or others or at risk of being a victim
Disciplinary segregation (DS) used in response to inmate misconduct for a total of 30 days

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16
Q

(9) what are problems with incarcerated older offenders

A

health factors, mobility and sensory impairment, expensive retrofitting, social and safety challenges

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17
Q

(9) what is one group of offenders classified as older

A

when they were young when first incarcerated and grew old while serving their prison sentence

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18
Q

(9) what an another group of offenders classified as older

A

offenders who have been in and out of prison all their lives

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19
Q

(9) what is the last group of offenders classified as older

A

those who are service their first prison sentence as an older adults

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20
Q

(9) what are aggregate sentences

A

the combined total of all sentence being served by an individual

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21
Q

(9) what is one way substance abuse and crime connect

A

through direct link which is when a person may only become violent and commit crime when under the influence

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22
Q

(9) what is another way substance abuse and crime connect

A

through indirect link which is when a mother steals food to bring home because the money she had she spend on her own illegal substances

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23
Q

(9) what is substance abuse considered

A

one of the top eight predicators of recidivism and is one factor that is connected with other types of criminogenic needs

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24
Q

(9) what is detoxification

A

a process of cleansing the bloodstream of toxins either alcohol or drugs

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25
(9) what is methadone
a synthetic narcotic that is orally taken and is used in the treatment of opiate addiction
26
(9) what are two psychological services available to federal inmates
therapeutic and crisis interventions
27
(10) what is conditional release
the lawful release of an inmate from prison before the expiry of the sentence subject to conditions set by the releasing authority
28
(10) what are the intentions of a conditional release
to enhance public safety by addressing the person criminogenic risks through monitoring and supervision while also addressing the persons criminogenic needs
29
(10) what are the four main types of conditional release
temporary release, day parole, full parole, statutory release
30
(10) what is temporary release
a type of conditional release that allows an offender to be absent from prison for a temporary defined period of time
31
(10) what are three types of temporary release
1- escorted temporary absence (ETA) must be accompanied by an escorting officer and may include conditions to protect society (medical treatment, family contact, community service) 2- unescorted temporary absence (UTA)- a limited duration and the offender must have service 1/6 of their sentence before they are eligible 3- work release a specific duration for work or community service
32
(10) what is day parole
allows the offender to be out of prison for the day but must return for night (are eligible once they served 6 months prior to their full parole date or serving 6 months of their sentence which ever is longer)
33
(10) what is full parole
can reside in the community for the remainder of their sentence (eligible after serving 1/3 of their sentence of 7 years whichever is less)
34
(10) what is statutory release
a type of release for federal offenders at 2/3 of their sentence
35
(10) what is the conditional release process
application which includes (finding a parole sponsor, providing verifiable residence, plan for treatment of counselling, plans for secure employment or school), pre-parole investigations, risk assessment, hearing, supervision and enforcement
36
(11) what are the three youth acts (two in the past one in the present)
JDA- juvenile delinquents acts in 1908 YOA- youth offenders act in 1984 present is the YCJA- youth criminal justice actin 2003
37
(11) what is desistance
the process by which with or without the involvement of criminal justice professionals an offender terminated their offending and pursues a crime free life
38
(11) what is doli incapax doctrine
belief that child of tender years (typically 7 years and younger) are incapable of an unlawful act
39
(11) what age is considered to be see as criminally responsible
age 12 to age 18
40
(11) what does the term emerging adult refer to
distinct development stage between age 18 to 30
41
(11) what is parens patriae
"parent of the nation" the principle that the stat acts as a kindly parent to dependent delinquents
42
(11) what is indeterminate
a disposition for juveniles that was not fixed in length meaning that the young person can be held in custody until the youth was deemed by correctional authorities to no longer be seen as a threat to society
43
(11) what is incorrigible
when a youth is beyond the care and control of their parents
44
(11) what is status offence
acts that are considered illegal only because the age status of the offence
45
(11) what is truancy
not being in school without having permission or a reason to be absent
46
(11) what is preamble
words that appear at the beginning of a piece of legislation as a guide to the statues legal intention it includes information to help those responsible with interpreting and implementing the statue
47
(11) what are the models of criminal justice for youth
restorative justice, community change, welfare, justice, crime control
48
(11) what is the restorative justice model
the measures taken against young persons who commit offences should reinforce respect for societal values and encourage the repair of harm done to victims and the community
49
(11) what is community change
should and where appropriate involve parents the extended family the community and social or other agencies in the young persons rehabilitation and reintegration
50
(11) what is the welfare model
the criminal justice system for young persons must be separate from that of adults and emphasize rehabilitation and reintegration
51
(11) what is the justice model
young persons have the rights and freedoms in their own right, such right to be heard in the course of and to participate in the processes other than the decision to prosecute that lead to decisions that affect them and they have special guarantees of their rights and freedoms
52
(11) what is crime control
the criminal justice system for young person must emphasize timely intervention that reinforces the link between the offending behavior and its consequences
53
(11) what is extrajudicial measures
informal ways in which the police may keep a young person out of the youth criminal justice system they can include warnings, cautions or referrals to a community agency for help
54
(11) what is extrajudicial sanctions
more formal ways of handling a youth case outside of courts when extrajudicial measures are not sufficient they can include community service, compensating the victim, attending rehabilitation programs
55
(11) what are the extrajudicial measures
1- take no action (other people like parents, schools or even the victim are taking measures to hold the offender accountable) police are not necessarily needed 2- warn the young person (lecture from the officer) 3- administer a caution (formal warning, more so a written letter, parents are made aware, youth is told that they are not being charged but if they are caught in the same position again they will be charged) 4- referral to a community program
56
(11) what three grounds can cause a youth to be denied bail
1- would not attend court 2- would commit further offences or interfere with administration of justice 3- tertiary ground that the release of the accused would lead to a lack of confidence in the administration of justice
57
(11) european union requires youth cases to reach trial by when
maximum time limit of 2 weeks to 6 months the average is two to three months
58
(11) what are youth sentencing principles
-no greater than adult punishment -regional consistency -proportionate to offence and responsibility -priority to non custodial -rehabilitation and reintegration -denunciation and deterrence
59
(11) what are youth sentencing sanctions
-judicial reprimand (warning from judge) -absolute discharge (like reprimand but through the court system) -conditional discharge (adding conditions that the court considers appropriate) -fine -compensation or restitution -community service order -order of prohibition, seizure, or forfeiture (at least two years and refers to weapons) -probation -intensive support and supervision program (keeps youth in the community but adds support) -attendance center program (to keep youth out of custody, required to attend to programs for up to 240 hours for a max of 6 months)
60
(11) what is intensive rehabilitative custody and supervision
a sentence available for young persons who suffer from a mental illness who are convicted of murder, attempted murder, manslaughter or aggravated sexual assault or have been convicted for the third time for a violent offence and involves and intensive program to lower the chances of reoffending
61
(12) what does proportionality take into consideration
1- the gravity of the offence 2-the moral blameworthiness of the offender
62
(12) what requirements have to be meet for the judge to consider gladue
the personal and background circumstances of the offender and some of the sentencing options might be relevant to the offender based on those circumstances
63
(13) who are more likely to be stopped by the police
black people
64
(13) what is racial profiling
the act of law enforcement officers and others to consider people suspicious or more likely to commit crime based of the color of their skin or ethnicity
65
(13) what is carding
also known as street checks, a law enforcement practice when police ask individuals to prove them with identifying information despite having no reason to believe the individual has involvement with or information related to a crime
66
(13) what are psychological effects of profiling
-can cause PTSD, other disorders and alienation -over surveillance creates a reality where their existence is treated as suspect -disregard for the dignity of black life

Crim final exam 8-13 (1 decks)

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