Final Exam Flashcards
what is 24 hour urine collection used for?
Used to evaluate kidney function by measuring the levels of various components in the urine (protein levels)
What are the guidelines to follow when collecting 24-hour urine collection?
1.Ask patient to void & discard urine (bladder must be empty)
2.Note EXACT time urine voided & discarded (Begins 24 hour collection period)
3.Post signs in the pt room & time the collection stating 24 hour collection in progress. (Date/Time start/end)
4.Collect every drop of urine that is voided in 24 hours and place in large container on ice or fridge
5.Pts with indwelling catheter place collection bag on ice
6.After 24 hour collection begins ask pt to void one last time and add urine to collection container.
What is the acceptable amount of urine output?
*Remember acceptable output is 30mL/hr and 240mL in 8hrs
What is Accountability?
being responsible for own actions.
How can you use Accountability to keep patients safe?
1.Assuring when you accept pt assignment or delegation of tak, the assignment is within your level of education, training, experience and ability.
2.Refusing to take extra shifts if you are so fatigued that you are not safe practitioner.
3.Staying on the job and caring for patients until someone else can take over their care. (continuity of care)
What is contact precaution used for?
To prevent transmission of pathogens spread by direct or indirect contact; use in the presence of excessive wound drainage, fecal incontinence, and when the patient is infected with MDROs, such as MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and C. difficile.
What equipment do you need for contact precautions?
Put on gloves and a gown when entering the room; wear gloves when touching the patient’s intact skin and the surfaces and articles in close proximity to the patient, such as side rails and medical equipment.
Plus standard precautions
what equipment do you need for droplet precaution?
Put on a mask when entering the room. Note: If the patient has H1N1 flu, an N95 respirator is required.
Instruct patient to follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette.
Plus standard precautions
what is droplet precaution used for?
To prevent transmission of pathogens spread through close contact with respiratory secretions or mucous membranes; examples include influenza (flu), group A streptococcus, bacterial meningitis, rubella (German measles), and Mycoplasma pneumonia.
what equipment do you need for airborne precautions?
Put on a fit-tested N95 or higher respirator when entering the room.
Patient must be placed in an airborne infection isolation room with negative pressure.
Plus standard precautions
what is airborne precautions?
To prevent transmission of pathogens small enough to be suspended in the air and spread through air currents, examples include tuberculosis, rubeola (measles), chickenpox, coronavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome.
what is anaphylaxis?
severe reaction that is life threatening causing swelling of the airways, SOB, respiratory arrest, decreased b/p and circulatory collapse.
what do you do if an allergic reaction happens when giving an IV?
give IV fluids to increase blood volume & bring b/p up
what do you do if a patient says they are allergic to a medication?
record it as an allergy along with documenting the description of the reaction when the medication is taken
what is the cause of most allergic reactions?
Antibiotics (sulfa/penicillin)
Iodine/dyes injected for procedures
Vaccines
Anticonvulsants
what happens when you apply heat therapy?
Vasodilation increases in the size of the cavity or space inside the blood vessel known as the vessel lumen.
what is phelebitis?
inflammation of the vein caused by IV therapy
why would you use heat therapy?
Relaxation of muscle spasms
Pain relief
Support of the healing process (increased blood flow delivers extra oxygen and nutrients that are needed to support increased metabolism).
Reduction of the edema once it has stabilized (stopped increasing) after 48-72 hrs heat may be applied to dilate the capillaries and veins so that they can carry away excess fluid.
Elevation of body temp
Why wouldn’t you use heat therapy?
Suspected Appendicitis: Heat Therapy to the right lower abdomen could cause enough increased blood flow to the area resulting in a rupture.
Bleeding wound or injury: Applying heat would dilate the vessels, increasing the bleeding.
New injury to joint: heat increases edema making joint mobility more difficult.
Large areas of the body in certain cardiac patients: extensive heat application can result in massive vasodilation of the superficial skin and subcutaneous layers.
how long should a heating therapy be used?
20-30 mins/ every 2-3 hours
anything longer will worsen original condition rather than improve it
what is an oropharyngeal airway?
made of hard plastic slightly curved shape and designed to hold the tongue in place so that it cannot obstruct the airway of an unconscious patient. Not used on conscious patients b/c it can cause gagging or vomiting.
what is a nasopharyngeal airway?
made of pliable rubber and is designed to be inserted through the nose into the pharynx. Patient maybe unable to clear the airway; including a weak cough, decreased level of consciousness or postoperative pain. Be aware of signs that pt needs to be suctioned, such as rattling sounds in the throat, shortness of breath, ineffective cough, and crackles on auscultating the lungs.
what is a suction Cather?
will be used to remove secretions from the patient’s nose, throat, and mouth. If an oropharyngeal airway is in place, you will pass the suction catheter along the grooves in the sides of the airway. If a nasopharyngeal airway is in place, you can pass the suction catheter through the airway to the throat. If no airway is in place, you can use the pliable suction catheter to suction through the nose and down the throat.
