Final Exam Flashcards
What does it mean when an argument is valid?
premises logically entail the conclusion
What does it mean when an argument is sound?
valid and all premises are true
What does it mean when an argument is deductive?
logical conclusion from premises
What does it mean when an argument is inductive?
pattern from series of observations
What does it mean when an argument is abductive?
inference to best explanation
What does it mean when an argument is circular?
conclusions are in the premises
What does it mean when an argument is question-begging?
premises are credible for those who already accept it
What is a priori physicalism?
Example?
independent from experience and no explanatory gap
2 + 3 = 5 since uk concepts
What is a posteriori physicalism?
Example?
knowable from basis of experience and explanatory gap
Earth goes around the sun
What is epistemology?
studying knowledge, belief, and evidence
What is the skeptical hypothesis?
world is diff from the way u see and ordinary beliefs are false
~ demon/scientist makes you think you are experiencing things
What does it mean when a premise is necesary?
premise is needed for another premise
What does it mean for a premise to be sufficient?
premise entails/is enough for another premise
What happens during an inconsistent triad?
premises are inconsistent and all of them can’t be true
What is the Moorean fact?
one has more confidence in any argument to the contrary
What is contextualism?
Example?
knowledge is context-sensitive
~ it’s the standard to know that you have hands
What is invariantism?
knowledge attributions are context-invariant and depends on environ
What does veridical mean?
What does non-veridical mean?
accurate/true ~ beliefs and mental states
inaccurate/false
What is the underdetermination principle?
if facing multiple hypotheses, none of them can be true
What is dogmatism?
perceptual experience represents the world
What is explanationism?
when one hypothesis explains evidence better than another
What is kantian humility?
we don’t know intrinsic properties of things (what they are)
only know extrinsic properties (how this relates to that)
What is the justified truth belief/theory of knowledge?
that knowledge is abt how the world is and beliefs are a kind of mental state
What is Gettier’s example?
What does this entail?
Mr. brown and Mr. white w/ coins in pocket
knowledge may be assumed based on consequences
What is Williamson’s example?
What does this entail?
crimson is red + _ , but its circular
can’t break up knowledge: use knowledge first, then beliefs
What is propositional knowledge? Example?
What is interrogative knowledge? Example?
What is objective knowledge? Example?
know that ~ ik that the earth is round
know who, what, where, when, how ~ ik how to swim
know of ~ ik the feeling of pain
What question does the turing test answer?
if it behaves like its conscious, is it conscious and intelligent?
What does it mean when something has substrate independence?
realization comes from multiple things
What is Bostrom’s indifference principle?
if % of ppl are living in simulation, you should think that you are also simulated
What is Nagel’s argument about dual-aspect monism?
consciousness can’t abstract away from povs
Who are physicalists?
Smart, Churchland, and Searle
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