Final Exam

Question 1

Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 1

Skeletal Muscle:
-Attached to bone and skin, responsible for overall body mobility, longest fibers/cells, have obvious stripes (striations) and voluntary muscle since its the only one that requires conscious control (but can be activated by reflexes)

Cardiac muscle:
-occurs only in the heart, striated, and involuntary since we don’t consciously control our heart beating

Smooth muscle:
-Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs like the stomach, urinary bladder and respiratory passages, nonstriated and involuntary

Question 2

Muscle Tissue Characteristics

Answer 2

-Excitability (Responsiveness): Ability of a cell to receive and respond to stimulus (e.g., chemical like NT) by changing its membrane potential

-Contractability: ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

-Extensibility: Ability to extend or stretch (in relaxed states)

-Elasticity: Ability to recoil and resume resting state after being stretched

Question 3

Muscle Functions

Answer 3

-produce movement: Responsible for all locomotion and manipulation (e.g., walking, digesting, pumping blood)

• Maintain posture and body position
• stabilize joints

-generate heat when they contract which helps with maintaining normal body temp

Question 4

General structure of skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Consists of:
* Nerve and blood supply
* Connective tissue sheaths
* Attachments
-muscle fibers

Question 5

Connective Tissue Sheaths in Skeletal Muscles

Answer 5

• Each skeletal muscle, as well as each muscle fiber, is covered in connective tissue
  -Support cells and reinforce whole muscle

External to internal
-Epimysium (outside the muscle)
-perimysium and fascicles (within each skeletal muscle, the muscle fibers are grouped into bundles (fascicles) with perimysium surrounding it

-endomysium (surrounds each individual muscle fibre)

Question 6

Connective Tissue Attachments

Answer 6

-when a muscle contracts, the movable bone (insertion), moves toward the immovable or Jess movable bone (origin)

-can be direct (fused to periosteum of a bone or perichondrium of a cartilage) or indirect (tendon or aponeurosis)

Question 7

Three functional groups of muscles