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History 202 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What led England and France to declare war on Germany, marking the start of World War II?

A

Germany invaded Poland, a country Britain and France had promised to protect.

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2
Q

Why was the Battle of Midway the turning point of the Pacific naval war?

A

In the battle, four Japanese aircraft carriers were destroyed, providing a pivotal victory for American forces.

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3
Q

What was the single largest battle ever fought by the U.S. Army?

A

The Battle of the Bulge.

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4
Q

The Manhattan Project….

A

was a top-secret program in which American scientists developed an atomic bomb.

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5
Q

What accounted for the tension between Great Britain and the United States at the Yalta conference?

A

Churchill and Roosevelt disagreed over the future status of Britain’s overseas colonies.

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6
Q

How did the American public react to the dropping of the atomic bomb?

A

At first there was a general acceptance of the attack, but it was later criticized.

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7
Q

Which of the following events are in the correct order?

A

Munich Agreement, Battle of Britain, Pearl Harbor, D-Day, Hiroshima.

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8
Q

Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor in 1941?

A

Japan wanted a free hand to gain access to oil and other strategic resources.

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9
Q

Which of the following occurred at the Potsdam conference?

A

The West recognized that eastern Europe would become a Soviet sphere of influence.

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10
Q

Which theater of war in Europe suffered the most casualties?

A

Eastern Europe

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11
Q

The Berlin Blockade was…

A

the Soviet Union’s reaction to the establishment of a separate currency in the western occupied zones.

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12
Q

Emerging from World War II, what was the only nation that could rival the United States?

A

the Soviet Union

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13
Q

Who was the general who led the counterattack at Inchon during the Korean War?

A

Douglas MacArthur

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14
Q

The Truman Doctrine…

A

produced a language that helped Americans make sense of the Cold War.

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15
Q

What does the Nuremberg trials refer to post-World War II events?

A

trials in which German officials were prosecuted for crimes against humanity

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16
Q

Which long-held U.S. territory was granted independence in 1946?

A

the Philippines

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17
Q

President Truman’s civil rights plan called for which of the following?

A

a permanent federal civil rights commission

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18
Q

Which statement is true of the Korean War?

A

It signaled that the Cold War was a global conflict.

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19
Q

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were

A

executed due to an atmosphere of anticommunist hysteria.

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20
Q

What was one permanent outcome of the Cold War in America?

A

the military-industrial complex

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21
Q

Vice President Richard Nixon believed that American goods and popular culture were a more powerful vehicle of foreign influence than what traditional source of influence?

A

military intervention

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22
Q

During the “Kitchen Debate,” what prediction made by Nikita Khrushchev would never become a reality?

A

The Soviet Union would outproduce Americans in consumer goods.

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23
Q

What about the golden age of capitalism between 1946 and 1960 was most beneficial for Americans?

A

Most monetary gains reached ordinary citizens through rising wages.

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24
Q

William Levitt, with the help of the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to…

A

become homeowners.

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25
Q

How did the 1950s differ from previous eras regarding economic freedom and consumerism?

A

Americans became comfortable living in debt while using credit to buy consumer goods.

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26
Q

During the 1950s, television…

A

became the most common source of information.

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27
Q

This NAACP lawyer was instrumental in dismantling the legal basis for segregated schools in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case.

A

Thurgood Marshall

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28
Q

What helped to launch Martin Luther King Jr. as a civil rights leader?

A

He participated in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and spoke at protest meetings.

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29
Q

In the postwar era, working women…

A

earned a fraction of what men earned.

30
Q

What role did Protestant and Catholic religious leaders play in shaping Cold War culture in America?

A

They preached messages that portrayed communism as a godless evil directed by Satan.

31
Q

In which part of the United States did the Freedom Rides take place?

A

the Lower South

32
Q

What event forced John F. Kennedy to take meaningful action in support of the civil rights movement?

A

King’s demonstrations in Birmingham

33
Q

What was the centerpiece of Johnson’s Great Society?

A

the War on Poverty

34
Q

Why was the Berlin Wall built?

A

to stop emigration from East to West Berlin

35
Q

The free speech movement…

A

began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political activism.

36
Q

In the 1964 election Barry Goldwater suffered a major defeat in the Deep South. What did this suggest?

A

There was a strong opposition among whites to the civil rights movement.

37
Q

By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam…

A

exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal.

38
Q

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring inspired the ________ movement.

A

environmental

39
Q

What did the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision do?

A

It created a woman’s constitutional right to an abortion.

40
Q

According to the textbook, what is one legacy of the 1960s?

A

The 1960s undermined public confidence in national leaders.

41
Q

“Vietnamization” was….

A

Nixon’s Vietnam strategy to have American troops gradually withdraw and South Vietnamese troops assume the fighting.

42
Q

What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970?

A

The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime.

43
Q

How did the War Powers Act of 1973 change the powers of the presidency?

A

It required congressional approval for the commitment of troops overseas.

44
Q

When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into

A

the Democratic Party headquarters.

45
Q

President Carter’s foreign policy emphasized…

A

human rights as a diplomatic priority.

46
Q

The “Second Gilded Age” …

A

could describe the 1980s, a decade where making deals was more profitable for companies than making products.

47
Q

Geraldine Ferraro is best known as…

A

the first female candidate on a major-party presidential ticket.

48
Q

In which election year did a presidential candidate first claim he or she would “make America great again”?

A

1980

49
Q

Which statement is true of the war on drugs?

A

It grew out of public fear over crack use in urban areas.

50
Q

Neoconservative writer Jeane Kirkpatrick…

A

helped set a foreign policy agenda that stepped up U.S. interventions in foreign countries.

51
Q

What was the first post–Cold War international crisis?

A

the Gulf War

52
Q

What sparked the development of improved computer technology in the 1960s?

A

the space program

53
Q

Between 1990 and 2008, how did companies contribute to U.S. job growth?

A

Companies took manufacturing to other countries where labor was cheaper, causing the loss of American jobs.

54
Q

What was characteristic economically of the last two decades of the twentieth century?

A

The poor and the middle class became worse off, while the rich became significantly richer.

55
Q

Which of the following was a common destination for immigrants at the turn of the twenty-first century?

A

Miami

56
Q

What does the term “pay gap” refer to?

A

pay rates between men and women

57
Q

What made the war on terrorism different from previous wars?

A

The enemy was not clearly defined.

58
Q

Early in 2003, President Bush announced that the United States would go to war against Iraq…

A

because it was believed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.

59
Q

How did President Bush characterize the toppling of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan?

A

as only the beginning of the war on terror

60
Q

Operation Enduring Freedom was launched in October 2001…

A

against Afghanistan, because the nation was harboring Osama bin Laden.

61
Q

Which of the following did Barack Obama and Donald Trump’s presidential campaigns have in common?

A

Both appealed to the voters’ feeling that the country was moving in the wrong direction.

62
Q

Which of the following was a job category for which the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicted strong growth in 2012?

A

childcare

63
Q

How did Trump intend to promote American manufacturing?

A

by raising tariffs on imported goods

64
Q

Which of the following widespread changes in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century did NOT occur in the United States?

A

a significant decline in infant mortality rates

65
Q

What are “subprime” mortgages?

A

risky loans made to home buyers who could not meet their monthly payments

66
Q

In what way did the United States differ from other developed countries in the early twenty-first century?

A

The United States lacks comprehensive social benefits like paid vacation, sick days, and maternity leave.

67
Q

What twenty-first-century development did both Obama and Trump use effectively in their presidential campaigns?

A

the Internet and social media

68
Q

According to Justice Kennedy in the Obergefell v. Hodges decision, where can new ideas about freedom arise?

A

pleas of protest

69
Q

What was former National Security Agency employee Edward Snowden charged with?

A

violating the Espionage Act

70
Q

What did the Great Recession reveal?

A

the lack of a social safety net in America compared to Europe

History 202 (2 decks)

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