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Pharm Lab 3 - Final Exam > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are capsule shells usually formed from? What other substance is also suitable?

A

gelatin

HPMC (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose)

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2
Q

True or False - gelatin is a translucent, solid protein derived by hydrolysis of collagen?

A

True

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3
Q

True or False - gelatin capsules can easily undergo cross linking in the presence of aldehydic group?

A

True

This makes the gelatin capsules brittle

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4
Q

All of the following are reasons to use capsules except?

A. inert
B. biodegradable
C. flexible
D. glossy
E. All above are reasons
A

(E) all are reasons why we use capsules

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5
Q

What % water do hard capsules contain vs soft capsules?

A

hard capsules 10-15%

soft capsules 20-30%

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6
Q

What are hard capsules mostly filled with?

A

powders, tablets, or pellets

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7
Q

What are soft capsules mostly filled with?

A

liquids

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8
Q

All of the following are advantages of capsules except?

A. masks unpleasant taste
B. allows delivery of uncompressed forms offering quicker dissolution and easier absorption
C. easier to swallow for some
D. easily tampered with
E. none of the above
A

(D) easily tampered with is a disadvantage

more disadvantages:

  1. subject to humidity and microbial contamination
  2. difficult to swallow for some
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9
Q

Explain the “rule of 6”

A

Rule of 6 is used when you have no idea how much will fit in a capsule

Rule of 6
Fill weight in grains = (6 - capsule #)
[65mg per grain]

Example: how much will fit into a size 2 cap?
6-2 = 4 x 65mg = 260mg

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10
Q

Name (2) common diluents used in capsule making?

A
  1. lactose

2. microcrystalline cellulose

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11
Q

What is progesterone caps used for? What warning labels (Hint: 2) must be used for this Rx?

A

helps embryo implantation

  1. keep in refrigerator
  2. discard after 6 months
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12
Q

What would be the expected fill weight of a #3 capsule?

A

6-3 = 3 x 65 = 195mg

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13
Q

True or False - a 25mg prednisone tablet weights 25 mg?

A

False - it weights more (contains 25mg prednisone AND excipients)

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14
Q

What warning label goes with prednisone?

A

take with food or milk

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15
Q

How many types of lozenges are available?

A

(4)

hard, gummy, soft (troches), iced

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16
Q

What are the (2) main components of lozenge formulation apart from the API?

A
  1. base

2. flavoring

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17
Q

Lozenges would benefit which type of patients?

A
  1. pediatric

2. geriatric

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18
Q

What is the indication of a clonazepam lozenge?

A

absence seizure disorder

19
Q

What is vegetable oil used for in lozenge prep?

A

melting point and viscosity adjuster

20
Q

How should Clonazepam troches be stored?

A

store in tight, light resistant container in the refrigerator

21
Q

True or False - estrogen is soluble in water?

A

False - estrogen is insoluble in water so an alternative to lactose as a diluent, is peanut oil

22
Q

True or False - lozenges can be used for local or systemic delivery?

A

True

23
Q

Which of the following are acceptable bases to use in lozenge compounding?

A. PEG
B. chocolate
C. sugar-acacia
D. All of the above

A

(D) all of the above are acceptable bases for lozenges

24
Q

What was the purpose of making troches?

A

to compound a dosage form that is easier to take for patients who have difficulty swallowing capsules

25
Q

What is a pastille?

A

medicated lozenge that dissolves like candy (aka a troche or soft lozenge)

26
Q

What is rifampin syrup used for?

A

adjunct therapy for streptococcal pneumonia

27
Q

What is the maximum daily adult dose of Rifampin?

A

600mg/day

28
Q

True or False - double bonds in rifampin structure give it its red color?

A

True

29
Q

All of the following inactive ingredients of Topiramate suspension are insoluble in water, except?

A. microcrystalline cellulose
B. sodium starch glycolate
C. magnesium stearate
D. caranuba wax
E. all of the above are insoluble in water
A

(B) sodium starch glycoate is soluble in water

microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and caranuba wax are the only ingredients that are insoluble in water in the topiramate suspension

30
Q

At what pH is Topiramate soluble?

A

pH 8-9

31
Q

What drug class is Topiramate in?

A

anticonvulsant

32
Q

True or False - both Rifampin syrup and Topiramate suspension must be refrigerated?

A

True

33
Q

How many hours of continuous flow oxygen would you get if using a conserving device?

A

4-6 hours

34
Q

How many hours of continuous flow oxygen would you get if using a standard regulator?

A

1-2 hours

35
Q

CPAP stands for continuous positive air pressure. What is this typically used to treat?

A

sleep apnea

36
Q

What should a pharmacist counsel a patient about Rifampin?

A

max dose is 600mg/day and take before meals and with water

37
Q

What is the generic of Calan? What is it used to treat? What (2) things would you monitor for in a patient taking Calan?

A

Verapamil

HTN

  1. BP
  2. ECG (for potential PR interval prolongation in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function)
38
Q

What is the generic of Zocor? What is it used to treat? What (2) things would you monitor in a patient taking Zocor?

A

Simvastatin

Hyperlipidemia

  1. Lipid panel
  2. liver function test
39
Q

What is the generic of Flovent? What is it used to treat?

A

Fluticasone propionate

long-term Tx of asthma

40
Q

What is the D/D interaction between Prilosec (omeprazole) and Clopidogrel (Plavix)?

A

Prilosec inhibits CYP2C19 and Clopidogrel is metabolized by CYP2C19 to its active metabolite. Therefore, less active metabolite of Clopidogrel is formed which increases patients risk of CV events

41
Q

If a patient needs Tx for GERD and must be on Plavix, what alternative PPI can you give the patient that will not have a D/D interaction with Plavix?

A

Protonix (pantoprazole)

42
Q

What are (2) monitoring parameters when using Clopidogrel?

A
  1. INR

2. platelet count

43
Q

Give a typical daily dosing regimen for the following meds:

Calan SR (verapamil)
Zocor (simvastatin)
Flovent
Albuterol MDI
Prilosec (omeprazole)
Plavix (clopidogrel)

Crestor (rosuvastatin)
Protonix (pantoprazole)

A 
Calan SR - 240mg once daily
Zocor - 40mg once daily HS
Flovent - 44mcg 2 puffs twice daily
Albuterol MDI - 2 puffs q4-6hrs prn
Prilosec - 20mg once daily AM
Plavix - 75mg once daily HS

Crestor - 40mg once daily
Protonix - 40mg once daily

Pharm Lab 3 - Final Exam (1 decks)

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