final exam Flashcards
What is the first step to the scientific method?
Defining a Problem
What is the second step to the scientific method?
Observe the Problem
What is the third step to the scientific method?
Make a Hypothesis
What is the fourth step to the scientific method?
Make a Prediction
What is the fifth step to the scientific method?
Test the Hypothesis
What is the sixth step to the scientific method?
Make a Conclusion
How do observations occur?
By collecting data
What is a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is an educated guess based on what has been observed through the scientific method.
How are predictions made?
By gathering information and data which helps predict outcomes of the hypothesis.
How do scientists test hypothesis?
By creating experimented based on the hypothesis to see if they expected results are found.
What are the three main outcomes of a scientific experiment?
The test proves the hypothesis correct, incorrect, or inconclusive.
What is a scientific theory?
Theories are well-tested explanations of a phenomena that unifies a wide range of observations and hypotheses.
What is an agronomist?
someone who studies the variety of plants, pests, diseases, and pesticides found in agricultural crops.
What is an ornithologists?
someone who studies birds and their diseases
What is a biologist?
someone who studies living things in the environment.
What is a botanist?
someone who studies the plant life in an environment
What is a chemist?
someone who studies chemicals and the effects of pollution in the air, water, and soil.
What is an entomologist?
Someone who studies insects, spiders, snails, and other “bugs” of an environment.
What is a conservationists?
someone who studies a location and determines the steps needed to protect the area from being destroyed or polluted.
What is a paleontologists?
someone who studies fossils of ancient life forms, and how they survive in different time periods.
What is a hydrologist?
someone who studies rain, lakes, and rivers.
What is an ichthyologist?
someone who studies life in the ocean.
What is the thermosphere?
the outermost layer which contains extremely high temperatures.
What is the mesosphere?
- the second layer that is the coolest
- meteors are seen entering earth’s atmosphere
What is the stratosphere?
- third layer
- commercial jets are seen
- includes the ozone layer
What is the troposphere?
-the last layer
- humanity lives
- contains all weather that exist
What is a hierarchy?
a graded ranking of organisms which is critical for proper ordering of the structure of life.
What are molecules?
groups of atoms
What are atoms?
the smallest units of matter
What are atoms made of?
subatomic particles (e.g. neutrons, protons, electrons)
What are organelles?
proteins that come together to form the inner components of a cell
What are cells?
the smallest structure that makes up a living organism
What is tissue?
a group of cells that work together in a similar function
What are organs?
A group of tissues that work together to perform a similar function
What are systems?
A group of organs that work independently but together to perform a specific function
What is an organism?
A group of systems that work together to create a life form
What is a population?
A group of the same organisms living and working together for protection, food, and shelter.
What is a community?
Several populations of different organisms that live together and interact with each other in a specific environment.
What is an ecosystem?
Groups of communities living in the same geographic locations
What is a biome?
A large area of land that is characterized by the plant and animal communities that live there
What is a biosphere?
All areas of the planet that will support life
What is the solar systems?
The group of nine planets and other matter that orbit the sun
What is the galaxy?
A system of stars orbiting a common center of gravity
What is the Universe?
All the galaxies, stars, comets, meteors, and planets.
What are autotrophs?
Organisms that can produce their own food energy by using sunlight, carbon, and inorganic chemicals.
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that must consume other organisms to absorb their food energy.
What are carnivores?
Organisms that eat meat for their food source with teeth that tear away at meat.
What are herbivores?
organisms that eat plants as their only food sources.
What are carnivores?
Organisms that eat meat for their food source with teeth that tear away at meat.
What are omnivores?
Organisms that eat both meat and plants as their food source.
What are producers?
Autotrophs (e.g. plants, trees, algae)
What are consumers?
heterotrophs
What are the subdivisions of heterotrophs?
- Primary Consumers: Herbivores
- Secondary Consumers: Carnivores and Omnivores
- Tertiary Consumers: Carnivores that eat other carnivores
- Quaternary Consumers: Carnivores that are at the top of the food chain and can eat carnivores that eat other carnivores.
adaptations
How life forms change over time and learn to adapt to continue living in the environment
endemic
Organisms confined to living in a geographic region due to natural barriers
biotic
Parts of an ecosystem that are living; includes plants and animals
abiotic
Parts of an ecosystem that are not living; includes soil and rocks
bioremediaiton
Using enzymes or microorganisms to restore a contaminated environment to its original state
Biodiversity
Refers to the variety of life forms that exist now or in the past
Species
A classification of organisms that have common characteristics
Hydrosphere
All the bodies of water on the Earth’s surface
