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GEOG 314 (Environmental Impact Assessment) > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How many phases are there in the IAA (2019) process?

A

5

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2
Q

What are the phases in the IAA (2019) process?

A
  1. Planning
  2. Impact Statement
  3. Impact Assessment
  4. Decision-making
  5. Post-decision
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3
Q

What is the first phase of the IAA (2019) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Planning
    - Proponent submits Initial Project Description
    - Agency prepares Summary of Issues
    - Agency determines if an IA is required
    - If so, agency issues draft plans and Tailored Impact Statement Guidelines
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4
Q

What is the second phase of the IAA (2019) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Impact Statement
    - Proponent submits Impact Statement
    - Agency implements participation and engagement plans
    - Agency posts notice to the CIAR (Canadian Impact Assessment Registry)
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5
Q

What is the third phase of the IAA (2019) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Impact Assessment
    - Agency conducts the Impact Assessment
    - Agency develops Impact Assessment Report
    - Agency implements more participation and engagement plans
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6
Q

What is the fourth phase of the IAA (2019) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Decision-making
    - The minister issues a decision statement with detailed reasons for the decision and any conditions
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7
Q

What is the fifth phase of the IAA (2019) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Post-decision
    - Proponent implements conditions outlined in the decision statement
    - An Agency or regulator verified compliance with conditions
    - Indigenous and community monitoring committees are implemented as needed
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8
Q

What are the different ways that a federal IA can be done?

A

IA can be done:
- By the Agency
- By a review panel (referred by minister)
- By another jurisdiction (substitution)

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9
Q

What federal minister is involved with IAA processes?

A

The Minister of Environment and Climate Change

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10
Q

How many phases are there in the BCEAA (2018) process?

A

7

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11
Q

What are the phases in the BCEAA (2018) process?

A
  1. Early Engagement
  2. Readiness Decision
  3. Process Planning
  4. Application Development and Review
  5. Effects Assessment and Recommendation
  6. Decision
  7. Post-Certificate Compliance
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12
Q

What is the first phase of the BCEAA (2018) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Early Engagement
    - Proponent submits Initial Project Description
    - EAO produces Summary of Engagement which outlines the approach to concerns
    - Indigenous Nations can provide notice of participation
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13
Q

What is the second phase of the BCEAA (2018) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Readiness Decision
    - Proponent submits Detailed Project Description
    - Confirms readiness to begin EIA process, key issues are identified
    - Indigenous Nations can dispute the decision
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14
Q

What is the third phase of the BCEAA (2018) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Process Planning
    - EAO develops a Process Order that sets out the scope, procedures, and methods of the assessment
    - Attached are the Regulatory Coordination Plan and Application Information Requirements
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15
Q

What is the fourth phase of the BCEAA (2018) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Application Development and Review
    - Proponent develops Environmental Assessment Certificate Application
    - Attached are the Certified Project Description and Technical Data Reports
    - This is where the proponent assesses potential effects
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16
Q

What is the fifth phase of the BCEAA (2018) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Effects Assessment and Recommendation
    - EAO conducts the assessment, drafts Assessment Report and Environmental Assessment Certificate
    - Indigenous Nations can provide Notice of Consent or Dispute
    - Recommendations are prepared and provided as part of a referral package
17
Q

What is the sixth phase of the BCEAA (2018) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Decision
    - Provincial Decision Makers can either issue or refuse the Environmental Assessment Certificate
    - Reasons for the decision must be published
    - If the decision does not align with the consent or dispute of the participating Indigenous Nations, detailed reasons must be provided
18
Q

What is the seventh and last phase of the BCEAA (2018) process? What does it involve?

A
  1. Post-Certificate Compliance
    - If an EAC is issued, post-certificate activities may include mitigation effectiveness reports, including audits, certificate amendments, extensions, and transfers
19
Q

What is the order of mitigation desirability?

A
  1. Avoid (most desirable)
  2. Minimize (somewhat desirable)
  3. Restore/rehabilitate (less desirable)
  4. Compensate (least desirable)
20
Q

What is the most desirable mitigation measure and why?

A

Avoid is most desirable, because it:
- Eliminates potential adverse effects at the source
- Involves planning and designing projects in a way that avoids environmental consequences
- Can involve changing the a project’s scope, location etc

21
Q

What is the second and somewhat desirable mitigation measure and why?

A

Minimize is somewhat desirable, because it:
- Reduces impacts by designing projects/activities to reduce the size, intensity, duration, and extent of potential adverse effects
- Limits harm to individuals, communities, ecosystems, etc

22
Q

What is the the third and less desirable mitigation measure and why?

A

Restore/rehabilitate is less desirable, as:
- It is necessary if impacts cannot be avoided or minimized before they occur
- Focus shifts to restore and rehabilitate affected areas to their pre-impact conditions
- Restoration aims to bring ecosystems back to full health and functionality
- Less desirable as impacts still happen

23
Q

What is the least desirable mitigation measure and why?

A

Compensate is the least desirable, because
- Offsetting measures (compensation) is provided to attempt to counterbalance the residual impacts that were not or cannot be avoided, minimized, or restored.
- Does not address the root cause of negative impacts
- Not usually a fair replacement for effects
- Compensation can be monetary, physical, etc.

24
Q

What are the types of effects considered in an assessment of a project?

A

Environmental, economic, social, heritage, health.
Both current, future, and cumulative effects are considered.

25
Q

What are strengths of the BCEAA (2018)?

A
  • Has a broad scope (examines many different types of projects and their effects)
  • Has a clear set of steps (improves timeline predictability)
  • Increased transparency (requires detailed reporting and public participation)
  • Increased Indigenous engagement (compared to previous acts)
  • Reviewable Projects Regulation (provides clear criteria on what projects are reviewable)
26
Q

What are weaknesses of the BCEAA (2018)?

A
  • Does not comprehensively include Indigenous ideas
  • Does not adequately consider cumulative and long-term effects
  • Can often be an extremely lengthly process (years, even decades)
  • Needs better application of GBA (Gender-Based Analysis) to understand how people are differently affected by major projects
  • Difficult to find a balance between economic development and environmental protection (one is always prioritized over the other)
27
Q

What is GBA?

A

Gender-Based Analysis (GBA) uses a variety of methods to understand the relationships between gender identity groups, and how their identities affect their access to resources, activities, programs, involvement etc.

28
Q

Why is GBA important in EIA?

A

In EIA, Gender-Based Analysis can tell us who has access, who has control, who is likely to benefit from a new initiative, and who is likely to lose.

GEOG 314 (Environmental Impact Assessment) (1 decks)

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