Final Exam Flashcards
What are the three different forms of justice?
Retributive, distributive, restorative
What is retributive justice?
eye for an eye
What is restorative justice?
see in someone the capacity of change
What is distributive justice?
not fair of poor vs. rich
What are the reasons for the mandate of the Truth and Reconciliation Commissions?
to help deal with what happened under apartheid.
Describe why Tutu argues “there is no future without forgiveness.”
Warring groups remain stuck in endless cycles of “reprisal and counter-reprisal.”
What is source criticism?
focuses on the study of the different components of a biblical text
What is redaction criticism?
Method that attempts to “investigate” Scriptures to make judgments about their authorship, historical trustworthiness, and date of writing.
What is text criticism?
thinking critically about manuscripts and variations in the biblical texts found in those manuscripts, in order to identify the original reading of the Bible.
What is form criticism?
a method of biblical criticism that seeks to classify units of scripture into literary patterns
What is a canon?
from the rule of law that was used to determine if a book measured up to a standard.
What is parallelism?
the words of two or more lines of text are directly related in some way.
What are the five guidelines offered by David Rhoads for reading the Bible?
- Be open to hearing something new
- Bring your own life experiences into account
- approach the bible with expectancy
- keep in mind the tradition of the Church
- paying careful attention
Who was Muhammed?
the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān, Islam’s sacred scripture.
When and where did Muhammed live?
He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina.
What is Muhammed’s significance in Islam?
he was chosen recipient and messenger of the word of God through the divine revelations
explain when and where Islam developed
the creation of Islam to the 7th century, slam started in Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia, during the time of the prophet Muhammad.
Where does the largest number of Muslims live in the world today?
Indonesia
name and describe the Five Pillars of Islam
the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salah), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj)
identify the voice speaking in the Qur’an and the emphasis on the mercy of Allah
Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel.
God Almighty treats people with leniency and overlooks their shortcomings to an unlimited extent.
What is the hadith
a report attributed to the Prophet Muhammad, describing his words and actions and representing the chief source for knowing his authoritative precedent
Ummah
community, nation
Shirk
act of associating partners with Allah or attributing divine qualities to someone or something.
Ka`ba
cube shaped building in the middle of the city of Mecca
jihad
strive or exert effort
islam
submission or surrender
caliph
political and religious leader in Islam
mosque
place of worship where muslims gather for prayer and engage in religious and community activities
Allah
Arabic word for God, meaning the one and only deity
hajj
annual pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam
people of the book
jews and christians
monotheism
belief in one God over others
identify the focus of each of the four methods used in the study of religion
interpretive, historical, constructive and comparative.
Four meathods: what does Interpretive mean
Understanding religious texts, beliefs, and practices from the perspective of the people who follow the religion.
Four meathods: what does historical mean
Tracing the historical development and evolution of religious traditions over time.
Four meathods: what does constructive mean
Constructing new interpretations or perspectives on religious traditions, often in response to contemporary challenges.
Four meathods: what does comparative mean
Analyzing similarities and differences among various religious traditions to identify common themes and unique aspects.
what is the connection of the terms “messiah” and “son of God” to kingship in Israel
Messiah means anointed one
The hope for a future Messiah, often understood in messianic terms by later Jewish and Christian traditions, reflects the expectation of a divinely appointed leader who would bring about the fulfillment of God’s promises to Israel.
what is a “royal psalm”
royal hymn, found in the book of Psalms, focus on the kingship of God
what is the content and significance of the davidic covenant
establishment of a dynasty centered around David’s descendants It serves as the foundation for the messianic hope in Judaism and is often interpreted in Christianity as finding fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who is regarded as the ultimate descendant of David and the eternal King.
The New Testament connects Jesus to the Davidic Covenant, identifying him as the promised Messiah (Christ) who fulfills the expectations of a coming ruler from the line of David. This covenant underscores God’s faithfulness to His promises and the establishment of a kingdom that transcends earthly rulership.
When was the establishment of the Sate of Israel?
1948 CE
When was the significant impact on the Hokky Land and interaction between Christian and Muskum communities
1095 CE
When did Muslim conquest Jerusalem?
638 CE
When did the conversion of the roman emperor constantine to Christianity
312 CE
When was the destruction of the second temple by the romans
70 CE
When was the roman conquest of Jerusalem under Pompey
63 BCE
Fall of Jerusalem; destruction of the First Temple
587 BCE
1250 BCE
exodus from egypt-liberation of the Israelites from slavery
1000 BCE
reign of King David and the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital
