Final Exam

Question 1

General Plan East

Answer 1

: A Nazi German plan for the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Eastern Europe.

Question 1

General Government

Answer 1

An administrative unit in Nazi-occupied Poland during World War II.

Question 2

Quisling:

Answer 2

A term derived from the name of Vidkun Quisling, a Norwegian collaborator with the Nazis, used to describe someone who collaborates with an enemy occupying force.

Question 3

Fall of France

Answer 3

Refers to the rapid German invasion and defeat of France during World War II in 1940.

Question 4

Vichy

Answer 4

Refers to the government of Nazi-occupied France during World War II, led by Marshal Philippe Pétain.

Question 5

Battle of Britain

Answer 5

A series of air battles between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe in 1940, during which the British successfully defended against German air attacks.

Question 6

Blitzkrieg:

Answer 6

A German term meaning “lightning war,” describing a military tactic characterized by sudden, overwhelming attacks to quickly incapacitate the enemy.

Question 7

The Blitz

Answer 7

Refers to the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany during 1940-1941.

Question 8

Operation Barbarossa

Answer 8

The code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, breaking the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

Question 9

Einsatzgruppen

Answer 9

Mobile killing squads deployed by the Nazis during World War II for mass murder, particularly of Jews, behind the German front lines.

Question 10

Babi Yar

Answer 10

A ravine in Ukraine where the Nazis massacred tens of thousands of Jews and others.

Question 11

Wannsee Conference

Answer 11

A meeting in 1942 where high-ranking Nazi officials coordinated plans for the systematic genocide of European Jews.

Question 12

Intentionalism

Answer 12

Historical interpretation that emphasizes the idea that the Holocaust was a result of Hitler’s deliberate, premeditated plan.

Question 13

Functionalism

Answer 13

Historical interpretation that emphasizes the bureaucratic and decentralized development of the Holocaust without a centralized master plan.

Question 14

Concentration Camps

Answer 14

Detention centers where people, often political dissidents or minority groups, were imprisoned, subjected to harsh conditions, and forced labor.

Question 15

Extermination Camps

Answer 15

Camps specifically designed for the mass murder of people, primarily Jews, using gas chambers and other means.

Question 16

Dual-Purpose Camps

Answer 16

Camps initially established for forced labor but later turned into extermination camps.

Question 17

Auschwitz medical experiments

Answer 17

Inhumane and often deadly medical experiments conducted on inmates at Auschwitz concentration camp by Nazi doctors.

Question 18

“Selection”

Answer 18

The process in concentration and extermination camps where prisoners were chosen for forced labor or immediate death.

Question 19

Kanada/Canada

Answer 19

Slang used by prisoners in Auschwitz to refer to the area where confiscated belongings were stored.

Question 20

Killing process(es)

Answer 20

Methods used in extermination camps for mass murder, including gas chambers, mass shootings, and other brutal means.

Question 21

Sonderkommando

Answer 21

Special units of Jewish prisoners forced to work in and around gas chambers and crematoria.

Question 22

Puffkommando

Answer 22

A term used to describe groups of prisoners in Nazi concentration camps who were forced to work in the gas chambers.

Question 23

Operation Gomorrah

Answer 23

The Allied bombing campaign targeting the German city of Hamburg in 1943 during World War II.

Question 24

Battle of Berlin

Answer 24

The final major offensive of the European Theatre of World War II, where the Allies sought to capture the German capital.

Question 25

Liberation

Answer 25

The term used to describe the Allied forces’ arrival at concentration and extermination camps, freeing surviving prisoners

Question 26

Death Marches

Answer 26

Forced marches of prisoners, particularly towards the end of World War II, as the Nazis evacuated camps to prevent their liberation.

Question 27

Displaced Persons

Answer 27

People who were forced to flee their homes during and after World War II, including Holocaust survivors.

Question 28

UNRRA

Answer 28

An international organization founded in 1943 to provide relief to areas liberated from Axis powers.

Question 29

IMT

Answer 29

The Nuremberg Trials, where top Nazi leaders were prosecuted for war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity.

Question 30

Nuremberg Trials

Answer 30

A series of military tribunals held to bring Nazi war criminals to justice after World War II.

Question 31

Eichmann Trial

Answer 31

The trial of Adolf Eichmann, one of the key organizers of the Holocaust, held in Israel in 1961.

Question 32

Adolf Hitler

Answer 32

The dictator of Nazi Germany and the orchestrator of the Holocaust.

Question 33

Hermann Göring

Answer 33

A leading member of the Nazi Party, founder of the Gestapo, and a key figure in the Nazi regime.

Question 34

Joseph Goebbels

Answer 34

The Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany, responsible for spreading anti-Semitic propaganda.

Question 35

Heinrich Himmler

Answer 35

Chief of the SS and one of the key architects of the Holocaust.

Question 36

Reinhard Heydrich

Answer 36

A high-ranking SS officer and key planner of the “Final Solution.”

Question 37

Adolf Eichmann

Answer 37

A key architect of the Holocaust, responsible for organizing the logistics of mass deportations.

Question 38

Rudolf Hoess (Höss)

Answer 38

The commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp.

Question 39

Maria Mandl

Answer 39

A female concentration camp guard and one of the key figures at Auschwitz.

Question 40

Josef Mengele

Answer 40

Infamous for his inhumane experiments on prisoners, especially twins, at Auschwitz.

Question 41

Liana Millu

Answer 41

An Italian Holocaust survivor and writer who documented her experiences in the concentration camps.