Final Exam Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of behavior that passes the dead man’s test?
Saying “I’m depressed”
Feeling depressed
Not texting your friends
Receving advice
Saying “I’m depressed”
Which of the following illustrates a mentalistic/trait-based view of socially withdrawn behavior
They don’t come to parties because they work early
They don’t come to parties because they are insecure
They don’t come to parties because nobody talks to them
They don’t come to parties because it’s too loud
They don’t come to parties because they are insecure
Which environmental variable is most likely to account for changes in behavior?
Depressed mood
Allergies
Phase of the moon
Color of the walls
Allergies
One practical advantage of the BMod approach is:
Focus on observable correlates of thoughts and feelings
Focus on symptoms of psychological disorders
Focus on current causes of behavior
Focus on original causes of behavior
Focus on current causes of behavior
One practical disadvantage of the BMod approach is:
Hard to predict future behavior of one specific person
Hard to identify environmental variables that may influence behavior
Hard to tell people their thoughts and feelings are unimportant
Hard to measure group, organizational, or cultural level changes in behavior
Hard to measure group, organizational, or cultural level changes in behavior
BMod approaches to anxiety include:
Relaxation training
Mild electric shock
Flooding
Monetary incentives
Relaxation training
Which of the following illustrates a behavioral view of soccer skills?
They excel at soccer because they are a descendent of Argentinian people
They excel at soccer because of their athletic ability
They excel at soccer because of practice and coaching
They excel at soccer because they are competitive
They excel at soccer because of practice and coaching
When deciding whether to provide exposure therapy to 7-year-old who is terrified of water, a behavior modifier should consider
Whether the parent has pure motives
When the child first developed their fear of water
When the parent learned to swim
Whether the child provides voluntary consent
Whether the child provides voluntary consent
Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for reinforcement?
a. The consequence must strengthen behavior.
b. The consequence must be immediate.
c. The consequence must be positive.
d. The response must be a reflex.
The response must be a reflex.
Mrs. Knight gives her class 30 minutes of time to play non-academic computer games on Fridays if they all complete their homework with 80% accuracy. After a few weeks, the class has increased their homework accuracy to 80% or above. In this case, the 30 minutes of computer time was most likely functioning as _____________.
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Extinction
d. Automatic reinforcement
a. Positive reinforcement
Based on our discussion of overjustification effect / the idea that external rewards diminish internal motivation, which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to a loss of intrinsic motivation:
a. Evan’s parents told him he would get a new video game if he studied math, his favorite class, every night for 2 weeks straight.
b. Patrick’s football coach gave him high praise in front of the team when he scored two touchdowns during a game.
c. When the high school chess club team won a match at the tournament, the advisor gave them $20 points toward a new chess set.
d. Jenell struggled and became frustrated while learning to play a challengin song on the piano so her instructor gave her a coupon for ice cream when she made a small improvement the following week.
a. Evan’s parents told him he would get a new video game if he studied math, his favorite class, every night for 2 weeks straight.
When students follow directions in class, the teacher gives them praise. This is an example of:
a. Acknowledging student behavior.
b. Positive reinforcement.
c. Negative reinforcement.
d. Countercontrol.
a. Acknowledging student behavior.
Curtis is being picked on by a bully. He knows the bully hangs out in front of the school after dismissal so Curtis is increasingly likely to leave for home through the back of the school even though it takes him 10 minutes longer. In this scenario, avoiding the bully is functioning as ____.
a. Punishment
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Respondent conditioning
b. Negative reinforcement
Which of the following is a conditioned reinforcer?
a. Food
b. Warmth
c. Smiles
d. Drink
c. Smiles
Which of the following is an example of shaping?
a. Teaching someone a cheer that includes a sequence of chants and movements, beginning with the last step and then adding a step until the cheer is mastered.
b. Helping someone execute a cartwheel by slowly requiring a more independent and complete movement.
c. Giving your partner a hug every time they check their phone fewer than 3 times an hour.
d. Posting a monthly graph that shows each employee’s percentage of paperwork submitted on time.
b. Helping someone execute a cartwheel by slowly requiring a more independent and complete movement.
Damon smiles and says, “thank you” to the customer service person who winks in return. If Damon’s behavior increases under similar conditions in the future, saying “thank you” most likely serves a _________ function.
a. Escape
b. Tangible
c. Attention
d. Sensory
c. Attention
Bella goes grocery shopping on Friday afternoon and a vendor gives her a box of granola bars and bottle of shampoo as part of “free sample Fridays.” If Bella’s behavior increases under similar conditions in the future, grocery shopping on Fridays most likely serves a ________ function.
a. Escape
b. Attention
c. Sensory
d. Tangible
d. Tangible
Arnaud is a behavior analyst helping to reduce one resident’s wandering in a dementia-care program. Arnaud learns from this interview with nursing staff and his own observations that the resident is most likely to wander away from the dining room and the community room during the most crowded and noisy times of day in those spaces. The most appropriate conclusion for Arnaud to draw is:
a. The resident’s wandering may serve an escape function
b. The resident’s wandering definitely serves an attention function
c. The resident’s wandering definitely serves and escape function
d. The resident’s wandering may serve an attention function
d. The resident’s wandering may serve an escape function
Sam is a behavior analyst helping to reduce the self-injurious hand biting of a special education student. Sam visits the student’s classroom and records events that took place immediately before and after each instance of hand biting. Sam’s assessment method is called:
a. Functional analysis
b. ABC assessment
c. Indirect assessment
d. Direct experimental assessment
b. ABC assessment
One advantage of function-based treatment over arbitrary treatment to reduce problem behaviors is that:
a. Function-based treatments take less time to develop
b. Function-based treatments overpower natural contingencies with bigger consequences
c. Function-based treatments focus on building alternative behaviors
d. Function-based treatments utilize punishment, therefore no presence of an extinction burst
c. Function-based treatments focus on building alternative behaviors
Function-based differential reinforcement of alternative behavior for escape-maintained property destruction (e.g., ripping math worksheets, breaking pencils) would involve:
a. Breaks for requesting a time out from work, no breaks for property destruction
b. Stickers for requesting a time out from work, no stickers for property destruction
c. Stickers for naming your emotion when frustrated, no stickers for property destruction
d. Breaks for destroying property, no breaks for requesting a time out from work
a. Breaks for requesting a time out from work, no breaks for property destruction
Fern has a new job in the area of medical billing and finds that she becomes very nervous and scattered when insurance companies require her to meet and discuss a specific claim. Lately Fern has been studying a flashcard of dos and don’ts for these meetings, and she covertly repeats the rules to herself before speaking aloud during any tense moments that arise. Fern’s cognitive behavior in this case is most likely serving the function of:
Discriminative stimuli (SD)
Reinforcement
Nothing
Task Analysis
Discriminative stimuli (SD)
A therapist is working with Carter who is going through a recent breakup and frequently has the thought, “I lost the best possible match for me and it’s all my fault”. His therapist helps him change this thought to, “We didn’t work out for a reason. There are billions of people and it is very possible that I will find a connection with somebody”. Carter’s initial thought is a_____ and his therapist used _____ to address it.
cognitive flaw; acceptance
cognitive distortion; acceptance
cognitive distortion; restructuring
cognitive flaw; restructuring
cognitive distortion; restructuring
Sam and Lemi are roommates who agree to start a fitness training program. Sam’s boss agrees to serve as the contract manager, and Sam and Lemi agree to take a date- and time-stamped picture of themselves at the gym each week. If Sam or Lemi go to the gym 3 times each week, Sam’s boss pays that individual $10 towards new workout shoes. If Sam or Lemi go to the gym three times or less in a week, the boss takes back all the money in that person’s shoes fund. What type of behavioral contract is illustrated?
Public commitment contract
Quid-pro-quo contract
Unidirectional contract
Parallel contract
Parallel contract
