Final Exam Flashcards
Name the cranial nerves. (there are 12)
- olfactory
- optic
- oculomotor
- trochlear
- trigeminal
- abducens
- facial
- acoustic
- glossopharyngeal
- vagus
- spinal accessory
- hypoglossal
function of the olfactory nerve
smell
function of optic nerve
vision
function of oculomotor nerve
- extraocular motion (EOM)
- eyelid opening
- pupil constriction
- lens shape
function of trochlear nerve
downward and inward extraocular motion
function of trigeminal nerve
- sensations of face, scalp, cornea, mucous membranes of mouth and nose
- muscles of mastication
function of abducens nerve
lateral movement of eye
function of facial nerve
- facial movement
- closing of eyes and mouth
- speech
- taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
- saliva and tear produciton
function of acoustic nerve
- hearing
- equilibrium
function of glossopharyngeal nerve
- production of speech and swallowing
- taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
- gag & carotid reflex
function of vagus nerve
- talking and swallowing
- sensation from carotid body & sinus, pharynx, and viscera
- carotid reflex
function of spinal accessory nerve
movement of trapezius/sternomastoid muscles
function of hypoglossal nerve
movement of tongue
what to inspect and palpate for muscles in regards to the motor system?
inspect: size and presence of involuntary movements
palpate: strength and tone
what are the coordination tests for the motor system?
- rapid alternating movements
- finger to nose test
- finger to finger test
- heel-to-shin test
spinothalamic tract tests
- pain
- temperature
- light touch
posterior column tract tests
- vibration
- position (kinaesthesia)
- tactile discrimination (fine touch)
spinothalamic tract test - pain
- lightly apply sharpy or dull end at random locations
- ask pt to identify if it is ‘sharp’ or ‘dull’
- sharp = test for pain
- dull = general test for response (control)
- 2 seconds between stimuli
spinothalamic tract tests - light touch
- apply wisp cotton to skin
- brush over random locations
- ask pt to say ‘now’ or ‘yes’ when touch is felt
- use irregular intervals to avoid pt answering from repetition
spinothalamic tract tests - temperature
temperature is omitted unless pain sensation abnormal
posterior column tract tests - vibration
- over distal bony prominences due to (d/t) slower decay of vibrations
- strike tuning fork on heel of your hand and hold at base of bony prominence
- ask pt to tell you when it starts and when it stops
- if they can feel vibration in distal areas, can assume proximal areas are normal
posterior column tract tests - position (kinesthesia)
- with pt’s eyes closed, move their finger or toe up & down
- ask pt to tell you which way it is moved
- vary order of movement
holding digit on side because upward and downward pressure can give pt clue to direction
posterior column tract tests - tactile discrimination (fine touch)
all these tests are done while patient has their eyes closed
- stereognosis
- graphaesthesia
- two point discrimmination
- extinction
- point location
stereognosis
ability to identify object they are touching