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final exam Flashcards

1
Q

chapter 4

What does the term plasticity mean

A

the extent to which children can be shaped by experiences

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2
Q

When is the period of the Embryo?

A

Weeks 3-8

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3
Q

chapter 4

When is the germinal period?

A

about 2 weeks

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4
Q

chapter 4

When is the period of the fetus?

A

9-38 (birth)

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5
Q

chapter 4

What will the Ectoderm become?

A

The Nervous system, skin, hair

Remember using Hair, skin N(ervous system)ails

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6
Q

chapter 4

what will the mesoderm become?

A

muscles, bones, circulitory system

mbc babies you know me

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7
Q

chapter 4

what will the endoderm become?

A

digestive system, vital organs

lungs, urinary tract as well

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8
Q

chapter 4

when is sex dectible

A

fThe third month (first trimester)

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9
Q

chapter 4

when is the second trimester

A

months 4-6

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10
Q

Chapter 4

what is the vernix and the lanugo

A

the vernix is the white cheesy covering on a baby to prevent chapped skin, the lanugo is the fine layer of body hair on the fetus

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11
Q

chapter 4

when is the third trimester?

A

7-9 months

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12
Q

chapter 4

What is age of viability

A

Viability is when survival outside of the uterus is possible (22-28 weeks)

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13
Q

chapter 4

what does the term proximosital mean?

A

The organs closer to the centre of the body grow/develop sooner

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14
Q

chapter 4

What senses are developed at birth

A

Smell, touch and taste

hearing delvelops fast after birth

vision develops last at around 6 yrs we have 20/20 vision

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15
Q

Chapter 4

When is the sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 years

Object permince occurs around 8mths

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16
Q

Chapter 4

When is the preoperatonial stage

A

2-7 yrs

Limitations due to egocentrism

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17
Q

Chapter 4

when is the Concrete observation stage

A

7-11yrs

can talk about complex thoughts and relationships

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18
Q

Chapter 4

when is Formal Operational Stage

A

11-12

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19
Q

Chapter 4

what is preconventional morals?

A

Morality centres on what you can get away with

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20
Q

Chapter 4

What is conventional morals?

A

morality centres on avoiding others dissaprovial and obeying socieities rules

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21
Q

Chapter 4

what are Postconvential morals

A

morally is determinded by abstract ethical principals

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22
Q

Chapter 4

Cellular clock theory

A

aging is built into our cells

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23
Q

Chapter 4

Free radical Theory

A
  • charged oxygen molecules become more prevalent and desablizes the body
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24
Q

Chapter 6

What are the three stages of consciousness

A

phisologically induced, psychologically induced and spontaneously induced

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25
# Chapter 6 What is selective attention
focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
26
# Chapter 6 What is change blindness?
Failing to notice changes in the envirement, a form of inattentional blindness
27
# Chapter 6 What were freuds views
Our unconscious stores painful memories. When these slip from what we unconciously thing it's called a *Freudian slip*
28
# Chapter 6 Conscious processing | Sequential processing
processing one aspect of a stimulus at a time
29
# Chapter 6 Unconscious processing | parelell processing
Processing many things at once, used most often in our everyday life
30
# Chapter 6 What are the 4 types of biological rythms
Infadian- over 24 hrs Ultradian- Shorter period higher frequancy Circadian- 24 hr (sleep-wake cycle)
31
# Chapter 6 Adaptive theory of sleep
We sleep for self preservation
32
# Chapter 6 Restorative theory of sleep
We sleep to restore our bodies, Strenghten neural connections and shift recent experiences from the hippocampus
33
# Chapter 6 Stage one of sleep
20 mins- Alpha to theta waves, hypnagogic state
34
# Chapter 6 Stage two of sleep
After 20 mins- slowing of brainwaves
35
# Chapter 6 Sleep spindles
bursts of rapid brain waves that aid in memory processing
36
# Chapter 6 Stage three of sleep
less than 30 mins- large slow delta waves, difficult to wake, bedwetting and sleep walking
37
# Chapter 6 Stage four
5-15 minutes- Brainwaves are like those of someone who is awake
38
# Chapter 6 Paradoxial sleep
deep sleep but lots of brain activity, motor cortex is active but brain stem blocks its messages
39
# Chapter 6 Acitvation-synthesis hypothesis
when sleeping brain is active and makes an effort to make sense of neural activities
40
# Chapter 6 Psychodynamic dream theory
Dreams are our unconscious thoughts, manifest content- actual event you recall. Latent content- unconscious elements (symbolic)
41
# Chapter 6 three types of drugs
Stimulants- Increases activity of cns Hallucinagens- Dramatically change our state of awareness- depressants-binds to gaba
42
# Chapter 6 Interferance theory
Proactive interferance-old info blocks new Retroactive interference- new info blocks old
43
# Chapter 6 Serial Position effect | primary vs recency
primary-remember first words recency-remember last
44
# Chapter 6 recall/recognition/relearning
recall- fill in the blank (info not currently in conscious) recognitioinm- fill in the blank relearning- learning something quicker the second time
45
# Chapter 6 Anatomy of memory | Prefrontal vs hippocampus
Prefrontal-active when aquiring new info Hippocampus-Converts memory to Ltm
46
# Chapter 6 Long term potention (LTP)
the more stimulation in the brain the greater the likelyhood that the cells will respond, affects networks of neurons that makes up neural circuits.
47
# Chapter 6 Peferential looking
Babies look at/ focus on things that are new
48
# Chapter 6 Episodic memories
memories stored in hippocampus before being moved elsewhere
49
# Chapter 6 retrospective vs prospective memory
retrospective- remember content from the past prospective- remembering content in the future
50
# Chapter 5 Bottom-up vs Top-down Processing
Bottom-up-New memory formed with no previous knowledge Top-down- processing with prior knowledge or stimulus
51
# Chapter 5 Absolute threshold
The smallest amount of a stimulus that would cause you to detect it
52
# Chapter 5 Difference threshold
The minimal difference between two stimuli that is needed to differcimnate between the two
53
# Chapter 5 Sensory adaptation
repeated stimulation leads to reduced responce
54
# Chapter 5 Cones/Rods
transduce light waves into neural impulses, rods are used in night vision
55
# Chapter 5 Hue/Saturation
Hue-based on wavelength Saturation-purity of colour
56
# Chapter 5 Trichromatic theory colours
blue green red
57
# Chapter 5 Movement of sound
tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, coclea, basilar membrane
58
# Chapter 5 name the three ossicles
maleus, incus, stapes
59
# Chapter 5 5 taste receptors
sweet, sour, umami, bitter, salt
60
# Chapter 5 how we smell/taste
olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, neocortex
61
# Chapter 5 messner's corpuscle/pacinan corpuscle/merkles disk
messner's corpuscle- Low pressure/frequancy vibrations Pacinan corpuscle- higher frequancy Merkles disk- light pressure
62
# Chapter 8 Working memory
Holds 5-9 items for up to 30 seconds
63
# Chapter 8 3 types of WM
Central- supervisory Phonological- spoken/written episodic- links info from wm to ltm
64
# Chapter 8 Encoding
Iconic-sensory mem of visual stimuli Echoic-auditory stimuli Sematic-based on meaning
65
# Chapter 8 Habituation/ Dishabituation
Habituation-Stimulus is repeated, Reduced reaction Dishabituation-Full strength recovery of responce of habituation
66
# Chapter 8 sensitization
stong stimulus exposure makes a weaker stimulus responce highly reactive
67
# Chapter 8 classical conditioning/ operant conditioning
Classical-Same responce,dif stimuli Operant-responce based on what follows
68
# Chapter 8 Acquisition
First learning of the stimulus
69
# Chapter 8 Stimulus generalization/discrimination
generalization- every stimulus thats about the same elicits the same responce discrimination-we descriminate between the cs and the other stimuli disreguading it
70
# Chapter 8 Operant conditioning
behaviour is modified based on it's consequences
71
# Chapter 8 Learning disorders
Dyslexia-leftparitial lobe and temporal lobe dyscalcula-left paretial lobe frontal cortex

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