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psyc 1000 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

chapter 4

What does the term plasticity mean

A

the extent to which children can be shaped by experiences

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2
Q

When is the period of the Embryo?

A

Weeks 3-8

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3
Q

chapter 4

When is the germinal period?

A

about 2 weeks

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4
Q

chapter 4

When is the period of the fetus?

A

9-38 (birth)

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5
Q

chapter 4

What will the Ectoderm become?

A

The Nervous system, skin, hair

Remember using Hair, skin N(ervous system)ails

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6
Q

chapter 4

what will the mesoderm become?

A

muscles, bones, circulitory system

mbc babies you know me

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7
Q

chapter 4

what will the endoderm become?

A

digestive system, vital organs

lungs, urinary tract as well

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8
Q

chapter 4

when is sex dectible

A

fThe third month (first trimester)

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9
Q

chapter 4

when is the second trimester

A

months 4-6

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10
Q

Chapter 4

what is the vernix and the lanugo

A

the vernix is the white cheesy covering on a baby to prevent chapped skin, the lanugo is the fine layer of body hair on the fetus

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11
Q

chapter 4

when is the third trimester?

A

7-9 months

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12
Q

chapter 4

What is age of viability

A

Viability is when survival outside of the uterus is possible (22-28 weeks)

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13
Q

chapter 4

what does the term proximosital mean?

A

The organs closer to the centre of the body grow/develop sooner

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14
Q

chapter 4

What senses are developed at birth

A

Smell, touch and taste

hearing delvelops fast after birth

vision develops last at around 6 yrs we have 20/20 vision

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15
Q

Chapter 4

When is the sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 years

Object permince occurs around 8mths

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16
Q

Chapter 4

When is the preoperatonial stage

A

2-7 yrs

Limitations due to egocentrism

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17
Q

Chapter 4

when is the Concrete observation stage

A

7-11yrs

can talk about complex thoughts and relationships

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18
Q

Chapter 4

when is Formal Operational Stage

A

11-12

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19
Q

Chapter 4

what is preconventional morals?

A

Morality centres on what you can get away with

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20
Q

Chapter 4

What is conventional morals?

A

morality centres on avoiding others dissaprovial and obeying socieities rules

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21
Q

Chapter 4

what are Postconvential morals

A

morally is determinded by abstract ethical principals

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22
Q

Chapter 4

Cellular clock theory

A

aging is built into our cells

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23
Q

Chapter 4

Free radical Theory

A
  • charged oxygen molecules become more prevalent and desablizes the body
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24
Q

Chapter 6

What are the three stages of consciousness

A

phisologically induced, psychologically induced and spontaneously induced

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25
Q

Chapter 6

What is selective attention

A

focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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26
Q

Chapter 6

What is change blindness?

A

Failing to notice changes in the envirement, a form of inattentional blindness

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27
Q

Chapter 6

What were freuds views

A

Our unconscious stores painful memories. When these slip from what we unconciously thing it’s called a Freudian slip

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28
Q

Chapter 6

Conscious processing

Sequential processing

A

processing one aspect of a stimulus at a time

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29
Q

Chapter 6

Unconscious processing

parelell processing

A

Processing many things at once, used most often in our everyday life

30
Q

Chapter 6

What are the 4 types of biological rythms

A

Infadian- over 24 hrs
Ultradian- Shorter period higher frequancy
Circadian- 24 hr (sleep-wake cycle)

31
Q

Chapter 6

Adaptive theory of sleep

A

We sleep for self preservation

32
Q

Chapter 6

Restorative theory of sleep

A

We sleep to restore our bodies, Strenghten neural connections and shift recent experiences from the hippocampus

33
Q

Chapter 6

Stage one of sleep

A

20 mins- Alpha to theta waves, hypnagogic state

34
Q

Chapter 6

Stage two of sleep

A

After 20 mins- slowing of brainwaves

35
Q

Chapter 6

Sleep spindles

A

bursts of rapid brain waves that aid in memory processing

36
Q

Chapter 6

Stage three of sleep

A

less than 30 mins- large slow delta waves, difficult to wake, bedwetting and sleep walking

37
Q

Chapter 6

Stage four

A

5-15 minutes- Brainwaves are like those of someone who is awake

38
Q

Chapter 6

Paradoxial sleep

A

deep sleep but lots of brain activity, motor cortex is active but brain stem blocks its messages

39
Q

Chapter 6

Acitvation-synthesis hypothesis

A

when sleeping brain is active and makes an effort to make sense of neural activities

40
Q

Chapter 6

Psychodynamic dream theory

A

Dreams are our unconscious thoughts, manifest content- actual event you recall. Latent content- unconscious elements (symbolic)

41
Q

Chapter 6

three types of drugs

A

Stimulants- Increases activity of cns
Hallucinagens- Dramatically change our state of awareness-
depressants-binds to gaba

42
Q

Chapter 6

Interferance theory

A

Proactive interferance-old info blocks new
Retroactive interference- new info blocks old

43
Q

Chapter 6

Serial Position effect

primary vs recency

A

primary-remember first words
recency-remember last

44
Q

Chapter 6

recall/recognition/relearning

A

recall- fill in the blank (info not currently in conscious)
recognitioinm- fill in the blank
relearning- learning something quicker the second time

45
Q

Chapter 6

Anatomy of memory

Prefrontal vs hippocampus

A

Prefrontal-active when aquiring new info
Hippocampus-Converts memory to Ltm

46
Q

Chapter 6

Long term potention (LTP)

A

the more stimulation in the brain the greater the likelyhood that the cells will respond, affects networks of neurons that makes up neural circuits.

47
Q

Chapter 6

Peferential looking

A

Babies look at/ focus on things that are new

48
Q

Chapter 6

Episodic memories

A

memories stored in hippocampus before being moved elsewhere

49
Q

Chapter 6

retrospective vs prospective memory

A

retrospective- remember content from the past
prospective- remembering content in the future

50
Q

Chapter 5

Bottom-up vs Top-down Processing

A

Bottom-up-New memory formed with no previous knowledge
Top-down- processing with prior knowledge or stimulus

51
Q

Chapter 5

Absolute threshold

A

The smallest amount of a stimulus that would cause you to detect it

52
Q

Chapter 5

Difference threshold

A

The minimal difference between two stimuli that is needed to differcimnate between the two

53
Q

Chapter 5

Sensory adaptation

A

repeated stimulation leads to reduced responce

54
Q

Chapter 5

Cones/Rods

A

transduce light waves into neural impulses, rods are used in night vision

55
Q

Chapter 5

Hue/Saturation

A

Hue-based on wavelength
Saturation-purity of colour

56
Q

Chapter 5

Trichromatic theory colours

A

blue green red

57
Q

Chapter 5

Movement of sound

A

tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, coclea, basilar membrane

58
Q

Chapter 5

name the three ossicles

A

maleus, incus, stapes

59
Q

Chapter 5

5 taste receptors

A

sweet, sour, umami, bitter, salt

60
Q

Chapter 5

how we smell/taste

A

olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, neocortex

61
Q

Chapter 5

messner’s corpuscle/pacinan corpuscle/merkles disk

A

messner’s corpuscle- Low pressure/frequancy vibrations
Pacinan corpuscle- higher frequancy
Merkles disk- light pressure

62
Q

Chapter 8

Working memory

A

Holds 5-9 items for up to 30 seconds

63
Q

Chapter 8

3 types of WM

A

Central- supervisory
Phonological- spoken/written
episodic- links info from wm to ltm

64
Q

Chapter 8

Encoding

A

Iconic-sensory mem of visual stimuli
Echoic-auditory stimuli
Sematic-based on meaning

65
Q

Chapter 8

Habituation/ Dishabituation

A

Habituation-Stimulus is repeated, Reduced reaction
Dishabituation-Full strength recovery of responce of habituation

66
Q

Chapter 8

sensitization

A

stong stimulus exposure makes a weaker stimulus responce highly reactive

67
Q

Chapter 8

classical conditioning/ operant conditioning

A

Classical-Same responce,dif stimuli
Operant-responce based on what follows

68
Q

Chapter 8

Acquisition

A

First learning of the stimulus

69
Q

Chapter 8

Stimulus generalization/discrimination

A

generalization- every stimulus thats about the same elicits the same responce
discrimination-we descriminate between the cs and the other stimuli disreguading it

70
Q

Chapter 8

Operant conditioning

A

behaviour is modified based on it’s consequences

71
Q

Chapter 8

Learning disorders

A

Dyslexia-leftparitial lobe and temporal lobe
dyscalcula-left paretial lobe frontal cortex

psyc 1000 (1 decks)

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