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soc 104 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

symbolic interactionism (blumer)

A

herbert blumer, critiqued positivism, we don’t respond to social reality itself, but to the meaning we ascribe to social reality

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2
Q

looking glass self (cooley)

A

charles horton cooley, the imaginations people have of one another are the solid facts of society, self is the product of our social interactions

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3
Q

dramaturgy (goffman)

A

erving goffman, social life is a series of performances, we are all actors, playing out parts, on metaphorical stages, every interaction, we have a script, costume, and a set that defines how we act in that moment of interaction

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4
Q

impression management (goffman)

A

the process whereby we attempt to shape another person’s perception of us

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5
Q

backstage/frontstage (goffman)

A

sometimes we are in the front stage, in the moment of performance, sometimes we are backstage, still engaging in performance just getting ready for it, ex: waitress

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6
Q

definitional disruption (goffman)

A

teacher is teaching about cuba, student orders a pizza in the middle of class, two people have two different definitions of what is happening in class

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7
Q

roles/teams (goffman)

A

roles: set of expectations that we attatch to a social position, teams: groups of people who work together in complementary roles to maintain the definition of the situation

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8
Q

rational choice theory (cornish and clark)

A

people weigh costs and benefits and act, accounts for why individuals make certain choices and take certain actions

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9
Q

choice-structuring property (cornish and clark)

A

“those single or multiple features of particular criminal activities which make them differently available and attractive to certain individuals at certain times”, equals costs, benefits, and opportunities

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10
Q

labeling theory (becker, chambliss)

A

labeling theory explains what happens when the label deviant is applied to a person

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11
Q

differential association theory (sutherland and becker)

A

criminal behavior is learned

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12
Q

governmentality (foucault)

A

organized practices through which subjects are governed, power is transformed in modern society, power is decentralized, power/knowledge nexus produces self-regulation citizenry

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13
Q

panopticism (foucault)

A

a set of social practices that encompass surveillance in modern society, produce self-disciplinary behavior

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14
Q

neoliberalism (ideology)

A

belief in the important of unregulated capitalism and free enterprise and the accompanying either of individualism and personal responsibility

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15
Q

neoliberalism (defined)

A

advocate pure free market, loosening the government regulation of the economy, milton friedman and thomas friedman

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16
Q

structure and agency

A

individuals can exercise some choice, HOWEVER these individual choices are shaped and constrained by larger social structure of society and the social location one is born into

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17
Q

youth control complex

A

institutions(schools, families, community centers, criminal justice system) that collectively punish, stigmatize, monitor, and criminalize young people in an attempt to control them

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18
Q

criminalization

A

process by which behaviors and individuals are transformed into crime and criminals

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19
Q

hypercriminalization

A

manifestation of the youth control complex, people in positions of authority are miss recognizing their behavior and labeling them as deviant, ex smiley, system in which boys labeled as deviant and any acts, whether actually criminal or not, are misrecognized

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20
Q

material criminalization

A

the concrete experiences of harassment and punishment (detention, school suspension, incarceration)

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21
Q

symbolic criminalization

A

the constant surveillance, feeling of stigma and degrading interactions

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22
Q

symbolic punishment

A

racial microaggressions, subtle acts of racism that people of color experience on a daily basis

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23
Q

over policing-under policing paradox

A

law enforcement will surveil and harass the boys for minor infractions, but will not help out with significant instances of crime

24
Q

code of the streets

A

the fabric of everyday life, a vivid and pression milieu within which all local residents must shape their personal routines, income strategies, and orientations to schooling, as well as their mating, parenting, and neighbor relations

25
Q

organic capital

A

the creative social and cultural capital that the boys developed in response to being prevented from acquiring capital to succeed in mainstream institutions

26
Q

dummy smart

A

acting out in school even though they are smart kids

27
Q

acting lawful

A

the process by which individuals who experience punitive social control attempt to avoid becoming victims of criminalization and punishment

28
Q

what are rios’ main research questions in punished?

A

how does surveillance, punishment, and criminal justice practices affect the lives of marginalized boys?

what effects do these patterns of punishment have on the lives of the young men in this study?

29
Q

what type of research method does rios use?

A
  1. Ethnography: he went and spent time with the boys and became part of the boys day to day life and family lives for a while
  2. Critical criminology: looks at crime in relation to power
  3. Reflexivity: the process by which a researcher understands how personal experience shapes his or her ideas and the way he or she attributes meaning, interpret action, and conduct dialogue with informants
30
Q

who were the participants in rios’ study?

A

40 black and latino boys, spider, tyrell, jose, ronny, slick

31
Q

why did he choose to focus on young men’s experiences within the criminal justice system and the youth control complex?

A

to see how the hyper criminalization they experienced affected their agency

32
Q

what is panopticism and how does rios use this concept to explain surveillance in the boys’ lives? (foucault and rios)

A

panopticism: a set of social practices that encompass surveillance in modern society

rios says there is a inverse of the panopticon effect
- the boys are the center of the social control complex bc there isn’t one main surveillance, it is in all of their institutions

33
Q

what are the political, economic, and demographic shifts that have occurred in oakland in the second half of the 20th century

A
  • Large Black and Latino communities
  • Deindustrialization and job loss
34
Q

briefly sketch the history of racialized social control in oakland

A

oakland has been a hotspot for police violence, racially motivated exclusion from public spaces, and microaggressions

35
Q

how is the over policing-under policing paradox connected to the code of the streets?

A

officers consistently police certain kinds of deviance and crime but ignore those in need when called, this distrust in police influenced the code of the streets by making citizens have to enact their own justice

36
Q

how does the code of the street contribute to a pervasive system of social control in the criminal justice system, schools, and the community?

A

when the boys would have to use the code of the street, their self defense actions would be seen as criminal actions and they would be punished

37
Q

how does misrecognition contribute to the criminalization of the boys? how does rios use misrecognition to help us better understand the boys’ desire for dignity and empowerment?

A
  • all of their actions were seen as criminal actions which just amplifies their constant surveillance and punishment
  • rios says that they never get a chance to feel empowered when the police constantly miss recognize their intentions
38
Q

what are the different ways that the boys enact agency in their response to the youth control complex?

A

enact agency by finding ways to feel empowered by resisting against the system that criminalizes them

39
Q

what is the hyphy movement and how does rios argue it illustrates agency?

A

hyphy movement: protest in response to black youth’s historical lack of of social power/economic resrouces

rios says this is why their agency led them to act criminal

40
Q

how is masculinity characterized within mainstream institutions and the criminal justice system? why do the young men adopt hypermasculinity in response to this? how do the youth-police interactions also contribute to hypermasculinity?

A
  • police officers are trained to use traits of masculinity and to expect the boys to be violent, emotionless and tough
  • men adopt hypermasculinity in response to this to appear as dominant as code of the street
  • youth police interactions contribute to this because the boys want to appear as tough and careless to the police as a way to resist it.
41
Q

how did punitive social control impact the social relations between delinquent and non-delinquent boys?

A

the boys and their peers are separated by not only their access to class and other social areas by constant policing and punishment but the hyper masculine attitude adopted by the boys make it likely for them to bully their classmates by replicating the actions of authority creating resentment

42
Q

what is “acting white?” what did rios find regarding the delinquent boys in his study and the “acting white” stigma?

A

“acting white” was being a high achiever, getting good grades, not acting out, etc

rios said that the delinquent boys held stigma against the people who “acted white” bc they said that by following the rules they were contributing to the punitive social control complex and further excluding them.

43
Q

why does rios argue for a youth support complex? how would the youth support complex transform the boys’ lives?

A

it would change the boys development of their sense of self identity and understanding

would stop the patterns of criminalization and exclusion

44
Q

jose

A
  • mother was often working (maid)
  • lived in a public housing complex which got no help from poice
  • arrested in 3rd grade –> felt stigmatized at school for this
  • attacked by police at age 12 –> lost trust in law enforcement
  • used / sold drugs
  • unable to get help from the police after he lost his family’s gallon of milk by being bullied by local gang members
45
Q

tyrell

A
  • raised by father (mechanic but didn’t have a job)
  • mother left
  • father taught him morals and to obey the law
  • was tall, people judged him because he was tall for his age
  • sometimes didn’t have food or a place to stay
  • sold drugs to support family
46
Q

spider

A
  • attacked by gang members at 15 while sitting on doorstep with friends (near death experience)
  • he was then registered as a gang member by police
  • after being registered he was labeled as this and experienced stigma in all social institutions he belonged to
  • this made him give up on the police and actually join a gang
47
Q

slick

A
  • 15 year old latino boy
  • best friend was shot in a drive by
  • showed rios around and gave insights that only a youth from that area would be able to observe
48
Q

ronny

A
  • black
  • moved around between oakland and berkeley
  • arrested and placed on probation
  • resisted police system with actions that were criminal which stunted his ability to work, survive, learn, etc
  • didn’t shake potential employers hand, didn’t get the job
49
Q

what are the various theories related to crime and deviance as covered in the lecture videos and who are the main theorists associated with each theory?

A

rational choice theory, idk the theorist

differential association theory, edwin sutherland

labeling theory, howard becker/william chambliss

50
Q

describe william chambliss’ study on the saints and roughnecks. why was this study an important contribution to labeling theory?

A

setting: 1970s, seattle suburb, 2 youth peer groups
saints: 8 upper-middle class boys, engaged in deviant behavior, upstanding reputation in community
roughnecks: 6 lower class boys, also engaged in delinquent behavior, labeled as deviants, negative image in community

important because it showed that social class also plays a big role in labeling

51
Q

what is symbolic interactionism? how did symbolic interactionism break from the traditional forms of understanding in sociology at the time?

A

symbolic interactionism: sociology is the interpretation of social meanings

looks at the smaller processes (micro) instead of the math and science way

52
Q

explain foucault’s theory of governmentality? how does his theory transform our understanding of power, knowledge, and social control?

A

power is transformed in modern society, power is decentralized, power/knowledge nexus produces self-regulating citizenry

53
Q

what are some ideological goals and potential consequences of neoliberalism

A

ideological goals and consequences: abolishing state subsidies, defunding social welfare programs (eliminate funding head start, meals on wheels, mental health services), privatizing city or state resources (cutting state parks), sustained attacks on unions

54
Q

what are some possible applications of neoliberalismin policy and practice?

A

practice: school choice

policy: marketize public education with school choice or voucher programs

ideology: introducing choice spurs competition among schools and that will give incentive for schools to perform better

55
Q

what is the punitive turn under neoliberalism?

A

neoliberalism and marginalized communities, loss of jobs, removal of social welfare safety net, war on drugs

56
Q

how does rios use a microsociological lens in his study?

A

he examines micro level interactions and how they become institutionalized within organizations as prevailing rules and practices

soc 104 (1 decks)

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