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Counseling Theories > Final Exam! > Flashcards

Final Exam! Flashcards

1
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A

-Albert Ellis

-Main point: People contribute to their own psychological problems

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2
Q

REBT ABCD framework

A

Activating event
Belief about event
Consequence
Disputing irrational beliefs

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3
Q

REBT psychopathology

A

We learn irrational beliefs from others in childhood and re-create these

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4
Q

REBT goals

A

ACCEPTANCE! Other-acceptance, self-acceptance, life-acceptance

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5
Q

REBT role of therapist

A

Therapist confronts and challenges irrational beliefs

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6
Q

REBT techniques

A

-Humor
-Role play
-Shame-attacking

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7
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A

-Aaron Beck

-Main point: Focus on person’s thought patterns (schema) and change cognitive distortions

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8
Q

CBT psychopathology

A

Exaggeration of normal adaptive processes (cognitive distortions)

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9
Q

CBT goals

A

To change cognitive distortions and unhealthy thought patterns

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10
Q

CBT role of therapist

A

Help clients identify thoughts & behaviors and work to change those

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11
Q

CBT techniques

A

-Keeping thought records
-Identifying automatic thoughts
-Creating action plan to solve problems
-Stress Inoculation Training (SIT)
-Conceptualization
-Skills acquisition & rehearsal
-Application & follow-through
-Vigorous and forceful disputing (clients offer forceful & rational counterattack against irrational beliefs)
-Shame attacking (clients intentionally act in socially inappropriate settings)
-Graduated thinking/Thinking in shades of gray (taking automatic thoughts and putting them on scale)
-Preparation, coping, reinforcing self-statements

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12
Q

Choice Theory/Reality Therapy (CT/RT)

A

-William Glasser

-Choice theory: behaviors occur to satisfy five internal basic human needs
-Reality therapy: present-focused, directive approach to help clients identify & satisfy needs better

-5 needs: survival, love/belonging, power, freedom, fun

-Client CHOOSES to depress

-Total behavior (acting, thinking, feeling, physiology)

-Quality world: memories & info we have stored about what feels good

-Picture album: our inner sense of own desires

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13
Q

CT/RT goals

A

To help clients find better ways to fulfill human needs

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14
Q

CT/RT role of therapist

A

-Mentor/teacher
-Challenges clients about their power & choices
-Bringing things into the here-and-now
-Supportive environment w/ established therapeutic relationship & gentle confrontation

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15
Q

CT/RT techniques

A

(no specific techniques)

-Identify choices
-Stay in the present
-Avoid focusing on symptoms

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16
Q

CT/RT Wubbolding’s WDEP

A

Wants
Doing
Evaluation
Planning

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17
Q

CT/RT psychopathology

A

-No such thing as mental illness
-Unhappy relationships
-Behavior happens to
-restrain anger
-get help
-avoid things

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18
Q

Feminist Therapy

A

-(no main developer) Jean Miller, Raissa Adler, Karen Horney
-Integrates feminist, multicultural, and social justice concepts into other therapy approaches
-Little to no assessment or diagnosis

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19
Q

Feminist Therapy psychopathology

A

Behaviors are a result from client’s position in social hierarchy

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20
Q

Feminist Therapy goals

A

-Helping clients see patterns and social forces that diminish their sense of power and control
-Encouraging clients to reclaim power, authority, and direction in their lives
-Allowing clients to experience this shared power in therapy relationship
-Honoring & facilitating female ways of being or feminist consciousness

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21
Q

Feminist Therapy role of therapist

A

-Therapeutic relationship is crucial
-Identify internalized messages of oppression
-Focus on mutuality, mutual empathy, self-disclosure
-Providing open & safe space for discussing relationships, sexuality, and intimacy

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22
Q

Feminist Therapy techniques

A

-Empowerment
-Self-Disclosure
-Mutual Empathy
-Mutuality
-Power Analysis

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23
Q

Feminist Therapy principles

A

-Sex & gender powerfully affect identity
-Deviance comes from dysfunctional culture
-Consciousness-raising is part of healing and change

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24
Q

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

A

-Steve de Shazer & Insoo Kim Berg

-Developed from constructivist theory
-Future-focused, goal-oriented, emphasizing strengths
-Focus not on problems but solutions
-Change is constant & inevitable
-Belief is that change already happens before first session

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25
Q

SFBT psychopathology

A

-No diagnosis
-Anxiety and depression symptoms are because of client’s personal life narrative and social context

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26
Q

SFBT goals

A

-Emphasizing client’s strengths
-Taking focus off problems and focusing on solutions
-Making small, realistic, measurable changes

27
Q

SFBT role of therapist

A

-Therapist supports client but is not expert over client
-Therapist meets client where they’re at by using client’s own language & framework

28
Q

SFBT techniques

A

-Exception Question: when is the problem not present?
-Miracle Question: “if a miracle happened and problem was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved?”
-Scaling Question: scale of 0 to 10, rate feelings/symptoms

29
Q

Narrative Therapy

A

-Michael White & David Epston

-Developed from constructivist theory
-Focus is on client’s story (narrative)
-Stories are central to how client continues to live life

30
Q

Narrative Therapy psychopathology

A

-No diagnosis
-Anxiety and depression symptoms are because of client’s personal life narrative and social context

31
Q

Narrative Therapy goals/role of therapist

A

Collaborative approach

32
Q

Narrative Therapy techniques

A

-Unique Outcomes/Sparkling Moments: when there is progress or problem was not as significant/present
-Externalizing Conversations: help clients push their problems outside themselves
-Asking questions and more questions
-Letter Writing
-Alternative Stories: constructing new narratives after old ones have been deconstructed

33
Q

Family Systems

A

-Bowen, Satir, Minuchin, Haley

34
Q

Family Systems psychopathology

A

The problem is with the family system

35
Q

Family Systems goals/role of therapist

A

-Therapist serves as investigator & coach (Bowenian family therapy)
-Therapist takes directive role (structural family therapy)
-Therapist uses expertise and power to direct families toward change (strategic family therapy)

-The family unit is the client, no specific person should be the main focus

36
Q

Family Systems techniques

A

-Joining: therapist enters family system
-Creating Genogram
-Sharing Meaning: constructing family narrative & shared goals/values
-Making Changes: therapist collaborates w/ family to help them make own plan for change

37
Q

Family Systems – Bowenian Approach

A

-Murray Bowen

-Triangulation: Dyad pulls in third party (ex: couple pulls kid and blames kid)
-Differentiation: self-regulate & manage or balance relational challenge of togetherness & independence
-Focus on family unit

38
Q

Family Systems – Structural Approach

A

-Salvador Minuchin

-Focuses on boundaries, family roles, accommodating, unbalancing
-Present-focused

39
Q

Family Systems – Strategic Approach

A

-Jay Haley & Chloe Madanes

-Focuses on paradoxical interventions & enactments

40
Q

Multicultural Therapy

A

-Lillian Comas-Diaz & Derald Wing Sue

-Focuses on multiculturalism and diversity

41
Q

Multicultural Therapy psychopathology

A

Social forces are the problem

42
Q

Multicultural Therapy goals/role of therapist

A

-Know and practice multicultural competencies
-Be gentle & careful with assessment & diagnosis processes

43
Q

Multicultural Therapy techniques

A

No specific techniques… just use ones from other therapies

44
Q

Multicultural Therapy principles

A

-Cultural membership is linked to disadvantage and privilege
-We make distinctions between groups of people based on race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, ethnicity, physical and mental disabilities, and socioeconomic status
-A multiculturalist stance can foster greater understanding between cultural groups and facilitate equitable treatment of all humans

45
Q

Five Types of Psychotherapy Integration

A

-Ideological Purity: focus on one therapy model

-Theoretical Integration: combining 2 or more theories

-Common Factors: overlapping common elements of different theories

-Technical Eclecticism: best treatment/techniques for specific person w/ specific problem

-Assimilative Integration: allegiance to one primary theory and blending techniques from other theories

46
Q

EMDR

A

-Third Wave

-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
-Moving eyes back and forth to bring back traumatic memories and the ability to cope with them
-8 phases

47
Q

Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)

A

-Third Wave

-Mixture of person-centered roots and Gestalt’s empty chair technique
-Emotions are central to identity and growth
-“I feel, therefore I am”

48
Q

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A

-Third Wave

-Blends CBT and Eastern meditation practices with elements of psychodynamic, person-centered, Gestalt, strategic, and paradoxical approaches
-Goal is to enhance skills, improve motivation, and integrate therapeutic skills to real life

49
Q

Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT)

A

-Third Wave

-Combination of committed action with person-centered idea of acceptance
-Stay focused on present moment and accept thoughts and feelings without judgment

50
Q

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)

A

-Third Wave

-Combination of mindful acceptance and psychoeducation
-8 sessions
-Each session takes a certain theme
-Typically in group format

51
Q

SHORT ANSWER: Choose two techniques from Beck’s Cognitive Therapy that you might want to use. Explain each and describe how and when you would use these techniques.

A

-Graduated Thinking (thoughts on scale)
-Preparation Self-Statements (prepare for scary situations)

[ex: failing exam]

52
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What empirical research gives evidence of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral
approaches? What are the limitations of the research?

A

-Tested & successful with range of disorders
-Better than antidepressants & other meds

-Immediate results & not long-term
-Research allegiance

53
Q

SHORT ANSWER: Compare and contrast the biblical view of human nature with that of the cognitive-behavioral perspective.

A

-Emphasize self-awareness and changing worldviews

-CBT humans are irrational, Bible humans are sinful
-CBT human motivation is to have control, Bible human motivation is for relationships with God and others

54
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What are the strengths and weaknesses of Choice Theory?

A

-Practiced in different countries & w/ different cultures
-Therapeutic relationship

-Very little research
-Doesn’t believe in mental illness

55
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What are some advantages of family therapy from a diversity perspective? Limitations?

A

-Culturally sensitive b/c focuses on many areas of life, including outside family unit

-Historically blamed women and mothers for familial problems and have not considered non-heterosexual family dynamics

56
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What are some common themes that feminist therapists explore?

A

-Both sex & gender play part in experiences
-Client’s problem is b/c of social factors
-Recognition & exploration of cultural oppression

57
Q

SHORT ANSWER: Compare and contrast narrative therapy and existential therapy.

A

-Focus on client and their lives
-Emphasize self-awareness and therapeutic relationships

-Narrative focuses on past since stories are in the past and existential focuses on present
-Psychopathology narrative bc of client’s narrative & existential bc client lacks self-awareness

58
Q

SHORT ANSWER: How can feminism be a positive influence on the Church? What are some of the ways
feminism does not blend with a Christian worldview?

A

-Jesus advocated for marginalized & oppressed like theory
-FT gives a voice & voices bring ppl to Christ

-Women in leadership

59
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What is social constructionism and how is it relevant to counseling?

A

-Humans interacting in real world & results from interaction
-Relates to counseling bc it’s humans interacting
-Helps counselee interact healthily in society

60
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What are the goals of narrative therapy? How might you use it with a Christian client struggling with depression?

A

-Deconstruct & reconstruct client’s narrative using collaboration
-Client’s problem is separate from client
-Depression is separate from client, not result from sin

61
Q

SHORT ANSWER: Describe two theories that you are most likely to use in your counseling practice. Why do
these theories appeal to you?

A

-CBT and SFBT
-SFBT is strengths and solutions
-CBT works on thoughts & behaviors w/ interactive hw activities

62
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What are some of the problems with blending various psychological theories and
approaches into one “eclecticism?”

A

-Theories have diff views on assessment, psychopathology, and human nature
-Some approaches require expertise and should be empirically supported, and a lot are not
-Allows therapists to do whatever which can put client at risk if not careful

63
Q

SHORT ANSWER: What are two “third wave” or technological counseling approaches that excite you?
Describe them and discuss why you think they show promise for improving the field of counseling.

A

-EMDR AND EFT
-EMDR improves trauma symptoms and allows client to think about event without the wave of trauma symptoms
-EFT combines two fave things PCT and empty chair and client is expert and can understand emotions on their own

Counseling Theories (1 decks)

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