Final Exam

Question 1

Gould and Eldridge developed the theory of ____ to provide a different explanation for pervasive trends in the fossil record

Answer 1

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of Gouldd’s three general arguments for evolution?

Answer 2

The scientific method has proven that natural selection is true

Question 3

Is the central idea of intelligent design, that biological organisms could not have been produced by natural processes (like natural selection) is a testable hypothesis ?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Does the scientific method ensure that good theories will eventually become facts?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What is NOT one of Darwin’s postulates?

Answer 5

The perfection of nature

Question 6

Natural selection operates at the level of

Answer 6

the individual

Question 7

What mRNA sequence will be transcribed from the NA sequence AAA AAA AAA?

Answer 7

UUU UUU UUU

Question 8

The end result of ___ is a polypeptide

Answer 8

Translation

Question 9

Every meiosis, bits of the chromosome you got from your mother exchange with bits you got from your father. This is known as:

Answer 9

Recombination

Question 10

If an individual who is heterozygous for the sickle cell allele (Aa) mates with an individual who is homozygous for the normal allele (AA), what is the chase that their offspring will have sickle cell anemia (aa)

Answer 10

0%

Question 11

The nuclei of most human body cells (other than gametes) have

Answer 11

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 12

What are the 4 DNA bases?

Answer 12

A, C, T, G

Question 13

Each gamete is genetically unique because of which of the following processes

Answer 13

Independent assortment

Question 14

Suppose that a population of lizards disperses to an island. This island has a few large predators that eat the smallest lizards. It also has less food than were the lizards come from, and the largest lizards can’t get enough to eat to survive. Over time, there are fewer very large and very small lizards in the population. What TYPE of natural selection is acting on the lizard population?

Answer 14

Stabilizing selection

Question 15

Sometimes when a large number of new ecological niches become available, many new species form quickly. This process is known as

Answer 15

Adaptive radiation

Question 16

Migration (gene flow) ____ genetic differences between populations

Answer 16

Decreases

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 17

DNA - mRNA - tRNA - amino acid - polypeptide

Question 18

The _______ reconciled Darwin’s hypothesis of gradual evolution with Mendel’s laws of inheritance

Answer 18

modern synthesis

Question 19

Sometimes new species form when two populations of a species become physically separated. This process is known as

Answer 19

Allopatric speciation

Question 20

Wings in bats and butterflies are examples of

Answer 20

Homoplasy

Question 21

Are large testes and monomorphic bodies and teeth are associated with polygynous mating systems?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Acts that provide a fitness benefit to both the recipient and the actor it are defined as

Answer 22

Mutualism

Question 23

Which of the following are expected to lead to more intense intra-sexual aggression among male primates

Answer 23

A larger number of males than females in a group

Question 24

In hamilton’s rule, Br>C, the letter ‘r’ stands for

Answer 24

The degree of genetic relatedness between the recipient and actor

Question 25

Is it true that mutualism will evolve only if rewards are shared and cheating is difficult?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What are two types of contest competition?

Answer 26

1. an individual can exclude other individuals from resources
2. It can lead to dominance hierarchies

Question 27

Genetic evidence shows that humans are most closely related to which great ape

Answer 27

Humans are equally closely related to chimpanzees & bonobos

Question 28

Sex differences in stick-carrying in juvenile Kanyawara chimpanzees arise without

Answer 28

any teaching by adults and are consistent with practice for adult roles

Question 29

Are humans are the only species to make and use tools in the wild?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Is it true that primates with a short day range compared to their home range are more likely to be territorial than those with a relatively long day range?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Is it true that the polygyny threshold model show that women in monogamous marriages will always have higher reproductive success than women in polygynous unions

Answer 31

No

Question 32

Women having longer day ranges than men is not an accurate generalization about what group?

Answer 32

Modern hunters and gatherers

Question 33

Which of tinbergen’s 4 levels of biological analysis is address in the following hypothetical statement about masculinized genitalia in female spotted hyenas: genitcal masculinization may benefit females by helping to disguise their sex, as female hyenas are at higher risk for infanticide

Answer 33

Adaptation

Question 34

Which of tinbergen’s 4 levels of biological analysis is address in the following hypothetical statement about masculinized genitalia in female spotted hyenas: Female hyenas have masculinized genitalia because his high testosterone levels spur extensive growth of the genital tubercle

Answer 34

Mechanism

Question 35

Which of tinbergen’s 4 levels of biological analysis is address in the following hypothetical statement about masculinized genitalia in female spotted hyenas: brown hyenas and striped hyenas do not exhibit masculanized clitorises, so this trait must have evolved after the spotted hyena lineage split from these other groups

Answer 35

Phylogeny

Question 36

According to lecture, which is the most important factor responsible for higher rates of breast cancer in developed countries versus undeveloped countries

Answer 36

Increased exposure to estrogen over the lifetime

Question 37

High intake of uncooked food by German raw-foodists was associated with

Answer 37

Low BMI and disruptions in female ovarian cycling

Question 38

according to the Kaplan et al. paper, on the embodied capital hypothesis, which of the following if fundamental to shaping the human patterns of slow growth and long lifespan

Answer 38

Transfers of food resources between generations

Question 39

A ranking system that indicates how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose levels

Answer 39

Glycemic index

Question 40

What does the demographic transition refer to?

Answer 40

The shift from high mortality & high fertility to low mortality & low fertility

Question 41

According to the reading by Hill “life history theory and evolutionary anthropology” why might people be so bad at following health advice

Answer 41

Because it can be adaptive to sacrifice long-term health for short-term benefits

Question 42

Food sharing and hunting are closely linked among

Answer 42

contemporary foragers

Question 43

All of the following represent differences between the averages forager diet and the typical modern American diet except

Answer 43

Forager diets obtain foods with higher glycemic load than US diets

Question 44

What is a scenario that best depicts the principle of diminishing returns

Answer 44

Infants are optimally weaned when additional investments in them produce little increase in maternal reproductive success

Question 45

Compared to women in the US, women in natural fertility populations usually have a ___ age of menarche and a __ age of first birth

Answer 45

Later, earlier

Question 46

Which statement accurately describes the organizational effects of fetal testosterone on the brain

Answer 46

Organization effects involve permanent structural changes in the brain due to exposure to testosterone during fetal development