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Phonetics > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

grapheme

A

alphabet letter

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2
Q

phoneme

A

speech sound

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3
Q

IPA

A

International Phonetic Alphabet

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4
Q

allograph

A

graphemes that represent a phoneme

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5
Q

allophone

A

variant of the phoneme (ex: frontal lisp)

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6
Q

cognate pairs

A

two consonants with the same place & matter but different voicing

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7
Q

minimal pairs

A

two words only ONE sound changes

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8
Q

open v closed syllable

A

open: vowel sound
closed: consonant sound

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9
Q

homorganic consonants

A

same placement

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10
Q

weak syllable deletion

A

omission of weak (unstressed) syllable in a word

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11
Q

final consonant deletion

A

omission of a single consonant at the end of a word (not a blend)

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12
Q

reduplication

A

repetition of a syllable

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13
Q

consonant cluster reduction

A

deletion of 1 or more consonants from a 2 or 3 part consonant cluster

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14
Q

stopping

A

stop consonant replaces a fricative or affricate

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15
Q

fronting

A

velar sound is replaced by a front sound (t/g, d/g, n/ng)

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16
Q

gliding

A

substitution of a glide sound for a liquid sound

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17
Q

vowelization/vocalization

A

substitution of another consonant & final blend liquids

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18
Q

deaffrication

A

substitution of another consonant for an affricate

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19
Q

labial assimilation

A

non-labial sound in a word is changed to a labial sound /b,p,m,f,v/ because of another labial sound in the word

20
Q

alveolar assimilation

A

non-alveolar sound in a word is changed to an alveolar sound /t,d,s,z,n,l/ because of another alveolar sound in the word

21
Q

velar assimilation

A

non-velar sound in a word is changed to a velar sound /k,g,ng/ because of another velar sound in the word

22
Q

devoicing

A

voiceless sound becomes a voiced sound

23
Q

backing

A

substitution of a velar stop for consonants more anterior in oral cavity (t–>k, d–>g, n–>ng)

24
Q

initial consonant deletion

A

omission of a single consonant at the beginning of the word (not in a blend)

24
Q

glottal replacement

A

substitution of a glottal stop for another consonant

25
Q

natural phonology theory

A

theory that all children are born with innate processes needed for speech

25
Q

phonological processes

A

simplifications of speech

26
Q

citation form

A

when a word is pronounced carefully as a single item

27
Q

connected speech

A

joining two or more words together in the creation of an utterance; phonetic identity of words often changes

28
Q

coarticulation

A

overlapping of the articulators during speech; not enough time in speech to produce all sounds

29
Q

assimilation

A

phonemes take on characteristics of neighboring phonemes- results from coarticulation

30
Q

elision

A

omission of a phoneme in a word during speech (camera, camra)

31
Q

epenthesis

A

addition of a phoneme in a word during speech

32
Q

metathesis

A

transposing sounds in a word; typically two adjacent sounds in that transpose (ask aks)

33
Q

vowel reduction

A

full vowel changes to a central vowels schwa or schwar as a result of connected speech

34
Q

primary stress

A

the one syllable in a word that sticks out the most

35
Q

sentence stress

A

the pattern of stressed and unstressed words across a sentence, changes related to speaker’s intent

36
Q

inotation

A

modifications of voice pitch

37
Q

tempo

A

durational aspect of connected speech, timing duration rate pausing juncture, longer duration for vowels & approx.

38
Q

juncture

A

external: pause that connects two intonation phrases
open internal: pause between syllables
closed internal: no pause between syllables

39
Q

diacritics

A

a sign, such as an accent or cedilla, which when written above or below a letter indicates a difference in pronunciation from the same letter when unmarked or differently marked

40
Q

content words

A

words that have meaning

41
Q

function words

A

words that exist to explain or create grammatical or structural relationships into which the content words may fit. Words like “of,” “the,” “to,”

42
Q

given information

A

information that is assumed by the speaker to be known to, assumed by, or inferable by the addressee at the time of the speaker’s utterance, because its common knowledge

43
Q

new information

A

information that is assumed by the speaker not. to be known to or assumed by the addressee, or. previously established in the discourse

44
Q

suprasegmental

A

speech features such as tone, rhythm, or loudness – basically anything that isn’t a standalone sound

Phonetics (1 decks)

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