Final Exam Flashcards
Second Triumvirate
43 BC
Battle of Actium (date)
31 bc
Octavian Caesar receives the titles Princeps and Augustus (date)
27 BC
Reign of Augustus (date)
27 BC- 14 AD
Crucifixion of Jesus in Jerusalem (date)
30 AD
Great fir of Rome (date)
64 AD
Titus captures Jerusalem and destroys the Jewish temple (date)
70 AD
The five good Emperors (date)
97-180 AD
Great Persecution of Christians (date)
303-312 AD
Edict of Milan (date)
313 AD
Foundation of Constantinople (date)
324 AD
Council of Nicaea (date)
325 AD
Battle of Adrianople (date)
378 AD
Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire (date)
391 AD
Sack of Rome by the Visigoths: (date)
410 AD
Germanic commander Odoacer deposes last Western Emperor (date)
476 AD
Who was in the second Triumvirate?
Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus
Why did the 2nd Triumvirate break up?
Octavian and M.A. pushed Lebidus out of the way and fought between themselves. M. A allyed with Egypt, but Oct used that against him by telling people M would make Cleopatra the queen over Rome
Who was Cleopatra?
Queen of Egypt and Mark Antony’s girlfriend
What was the Battle Of Actium?
The naval battle between Octavian and Mark Antony. It was won by Octavian in 30 BC. Mark and Cleo fled to Egpyt and committed suicide.
What does “Augustus” mean?
The honorary name meaning “divinely favored” that the Roman Senate bestowed on Octavia: it became Roman short hand for “Roman Imperial ruler”
What does Princeps mean?
First man
What is the principate?
Roman political system invended by Augustus as a disguised monarchy with the princeps as emperor.
What were Augustus powers?
- Tribunician power: included veto
- Proconsul with imperium over all armies.
Praetorian. Guard
The group of soldiers station in Rome under the emperor’s control; the first was formed by Augustus
Julio-Claudian Emperors
The ruling family of the early principate from Augustus through Nero, descended from the aristocratic families of the Julian’s and the Claudians
Tiberius
Adopted son of Augustus who became a suspicious and tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career while Jesus was alive on earth (42bc to 37ad)
Nero
First Roman Emperor to persecute Christains
Vespasian and Flavian Dynasty
Vespasian restored stability to Rome following the reign of Nero and the Civil Wars that had wreaked havoc on the empire, and particularly on Italy.
Titus and the destruction of Jerusalem
Titus had suppressed the Jewish revolt, capturing Jerusalem in 70 destroying the temple
Who where the 5 good Emperors
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus* Pius, Marcus Aurelius
Who where the Decurions
Municipal Senate members in the Roman Empire for collecting local taxes.
Romanization
The spread of Roman law and Culture within the Roman Empire
Who was the first bishop of Rome
Peter
Power of Bishops
They possessed authority to define Christian doctrine and administer practical affairs for congregations
Apostolic Secession
The principle by which Christian Bishops traced their authority back to the apostles of Jesus
Orthodoxy
True Doctrine
Heresy
False Doctrine
Debasement of coinage and inflation
Putting less silver in a coin without changing its face value; a failed financial strategy during the 3 century. It raised prices instead of lowering them
Caracalla grants citizenship to whole Empire
This was done to raise taxes. It was for free men.
Crisis of the 3rd century
Civil War
Over 24 Emperors
Plague
Economic depression
Colosseum.
Rome’s fifty-thousand-seat amphitheater built by the Flavian dynasty for gladiatorial combats and other spectacles.
First persecution of Christains by Nero
Covered Christians in animal skins to be torn apart by dogs or fastened to crosses and set of fire at night as torches
Martyr
Greek word for “witness” the term is used for someone who dies for their faith.
Barbarian invasions across the Rhine and Danube rivers
These were very aggressive attacks from raiders. The barbarians where multiethnic and not well organized, but they developed military discipline through fighting the Roman’s. The invasions were especially bad during the reign of Marcus Aurelius
Enlistment of invading barbarians as Soldiers in the Roman Army.
The Barbarians where brave, so the Roman’s let them settle on their boarders and enlisted them as soldiers.
Second Major persecution of Christainy
Christains were blamed for the third century crisis and where persecuted by Emperor Decius. The persecution was ended by Emperor Gallienus
The “dominate”
The word used to describe Roman rule after Diocletian. It comes from the word Dominus, meaning lord or Master, which Diocletian gave to himself as a title
Who was Diocletian?
Born as a uneducated peasant; Diocletian moved up through the army to become Emperor in 284. He ended the Civil War by imposing the most autocratic system of rule in Roman History. He resigned in 305 which started more civil wars.
Tetrarchy
“Rule by four” Diocletian appointed three others to rule with him, with himself as their head. Each ruler controlled one of four districts
Great Persecution
Started by Diocletian in 303 because he Feared that the national threat came from angry gods. The persecution included exiling, taking property, taking down churches, and executing Christians. It failed and undermined social stability
