Final Exam Flashcards
Primary colors
red, yellow, blue
Secondary colors
orange, green, violet
Tertiary colors
contains a primary and secondary color
Tint
a hue (color) plus white-gives an uplifting effect
Tone
a hue (color) plus gray-gives a soothing effect
Shade
a hue (color) plus black-gives a depressing effect
Violets and purples
a spiritual or receding effect
blue and green
an effect of coldness
red, orange, and yellow
an effect of warmth
monochromatic
tints, tones, and shades one 1 color
analogous
two or more colors adjacent (touching to each other on the color wheel
Complementary
colors opposite each other on the color wheel
3 types
Direct
only 2 colors opposite to each other on the color wheel
Split
one color plus one on either side of its direct complement
Triad
three colors equally spaced from each other on the color wheel
True or false: Arrangements should contain more light colors than dark
True
Light colors
At the top
Dark colors
On the bottom
European flower arrangements
emphasize mass and color
Scale
the size relationship between the component parts of an arrangement
Balance
symmetrical & asymmetrical
Symmetrical Balance
Formal appearance
Asymmetrical Balance
Informal appearance
Line
Refers to the underlying framework that holds a floral composition together
The higher the gage of wire
the finer (smaller diameter) of wire
Straight wire
methods of wiring flowers
Hook
methods of wiring flowers
Used when wiring flowers with small bases such as daisies
Hair pin
methods of wiring flowers
Piercing
methods of wiring flowers
Used in constructing corsages with carnations
Picks
wooden, steel, water
The larger the ribbon number
the wider the ribbon
Most common numbers used my florist for ribbon
3, 9, and 40
Most popular material for ribbon
Satin
What is floral tape made out of
wax coated paper
Absorption
Method of dying flowers
Can be sped up by using warm water (100-110 degrees F) and by cutting the stems under water
Dip and rinse
Method of dying flowers
Aerosol sprays
Method of dying flowers
Nonaerosol sprays
Method of dying flowers
Xylem Vessels
Tiny tubes through which water moves up stems to flowers and leaves
Transpiration
Water loss in the form of vapor from flowers and leaves
Respiartion
The utilization of sugars from photosynthesis to provide energy for flowering opening and plant growth
Ethylene
Odorless gas produced by aging flowers and other plant parts that cause the deterioration of some flowers. Other sources of ethylene include ripening fruit, cigarette smoke, and auto emissions
Chilling Injury
Cold temperatures that cause darkening of flower parts
Freeze Injury
Cold temperatures that destroy cells in flowers causing them to collapse
Plant Processes to Maximize
Water absorption which is accomplished using warm water (100-110 degrees F) and cutting the stems under water
Plant processes to Minimize
Transpiration, respiration, ethylene formation
These plant processes can be minimized by using cold temperatures. High humidities will also reduce transpiration.
What causes blockage of water uptake through the xylem vessels
Bacteria and other microbes growing in the cut ends of the stems
True or false- Cold water is better for flowers
False-warm water (100-110) moves up through flower stems faster than cold water
Plant processes that need to be slowed in order to extend vase life
Transpiration, Respiration, and Ethylene Formation
Slow Transpiration
By refrigeration and high humidity
Slow Respiration
slowed by refrigeration
Ethylene formation
slowed by refrigeration
What temperature should Gladiolus and topicals not be stored below to prevent a chilling injury?
40 degrees F
How to maximize water uptake?
Use warm water and cut the stems under water
Floral preservatives contain
Sugar, a bactericide, and an acidifier
True or False? We want floral preservatives to be basic or alkaline.
False- we want floral preservatives to be acidic
Why do we want floral preservatives to be acidic?
Because it causes the water to become acidic which suppresses bacterial development
How much longer is the vase life when using floral preservatives
It can be nearly double when compared to water
Dry Foams
used with silk, dry, and artificial flowers
Floral foams
Oasis, secure, flowerbricks jiffy, nova
Hanging
Method of drying flowers
Pressing
Method of drying flowers
Glycerin absorption
Method of drying flowers
Burial
Method of drying flowers
Microwaving
Method of drying flowers
The fastest method
Freeze Drying
Method of drying flowers
The best method done by freezing the water in flowers and removing the ice as water vapor
Compote
Long and narrow stem
Urn
Short broad stem
Line Flowers
Gladiolus, snapdragons, stock, larkspur, delphinium
Mass Flower
Roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, and asters
Form Flowers
Orchids, calla lilies, gloriosa lilies, anthuriums, birds-of-paradise, poinsettia, and easter lilies
Filler Flowers
baby’s breath, feverfew, statice, sweet peas, corn flowers, small spray chrysanthemums
Arrangements made in class
verticle, symmetrical triangle, asymmetrical triangle, bud vase, corsage, horizontal centerpiece, and circular centerpiece
What arrangement did we NOT make in class?
The S Curve
Who refined flower arrangement into an art?
The Japanese
When choosing a container consider…
shape
container composition
color
texture
