Final Exam

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

When green plants and other organisms use sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water

Question 2

Dormancy

Answer 2

The temporary suspension of a viable seed/plant growth 

Question 3

Senescence 

Answer 3

The deterioration process involving the natural termination of the functional life of a particular organism (ex: leaf death)

Question 4

What is horticulture?

Answer 4

It is the science and the art of the development, sustainable production, marketing, and use of high value ornamental plants

Question 5

Name the areas of horticulture

Answer 5

Floriculture, landscape horticulture, interiorscaping, olericulture

Question 6

Define olericulture

Answer 6

The growing, harvesting, processing, and marketing of vegetables

Question 7

Define floriculture

Answer 7

The production, transportation, and use of flowers and foliage plants

Question 8

Define landscape horticulture

Answer 8

The process of producing and using plants to make an outdoor space or environment more appealing

Question 9

Define interiorscaping

Answer 9

The process of using foliage plants to create pleasing and comfortable areas inside buildings

Question 10

The environment can be classified into what two components?

Answer 10

Biotic and abiotic

Question 11

Name six ways that horticulture benefits the environment

Answer 11

1. Aesthetic value
2. Soil erosion control
3. Absorption of atmospheric pollutants
4. Absorption of noise
5. Cooling effect
6. Removes fertilizers and pesticides

Question 12

Name some reasons why plants are important

Answer 12

1. Food Source
2. Shelter
3. Air purification
4. Aesthetics
5. Stress reduction
6. Pharmaceuticals
7. Fuel/Biofuels

Question 13

Define POINT SOURCE pollution

Answer 13

Definite and identifiable sources of pollution

Question 14

Define NON-POINT SOURCE pollution

Answer 14

Pollution that cannot be specifically identified

Question 15

Define PHYTOREMEDIATION

Answer 15

Phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to remove, degrade, or contain pollutants in the soil, water, or air.

Question 16

Define BIOREMEDIATION

Answer 16

Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms or living organisms to break down and neutralize pollutants in the environment.

Question 17

Name some reasons a person might be willing to pay more money from produce grown without pesticides (or grown ‘organically’)?

Answer 17

1. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP: Consumer wants to support growing practices that support soil and environmental health and therefore is willing to pay more for it
2. HEALTH CONSCIOUSNESS consumers who feel produce is better for their health may be willing to pay more for it
3. HIGHER PERCEIVED QUALITY: Consumers may perceive organic, or pesticide-free, produce as higher quality and therefore be willing to pay more for it

Question 18

Define IPM

Answer 18

Integrated Pest Management (IPM): an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the long-term prevention of pests of their damage through a combination of environmentally friendly techniques

Question 19

What is the goal of IPM?

Answer 19

Pest PREVENTION (NOT eradication)

Question 20

Name 5 types of controls used in IPM

Answer 20

1. Biological controls
2. Cultural controls
3. Mechanical controls
4. Chemical controls
5. Genetic controls

Question 21

Define and give an example of a biological control (IPM)

Answer 21

Biological controls involve using natural enemies, such as predators or parasites, to manage pest populations.

Example: Introducing ladybugs (predators) to control aphids in a garden is a biological control method, as ladybugs feed on aphids, reducing their numbers without the use of chemical pesticides.

Question 22

Define and give an example of a CULTURAL control (IPM)

Answer 22

Cultural controls in integrated pest management involve modifying agricultural practices or the environment to reduce pest infestations.

Example: Rotating crops to disrupt the life cycle of specific pests is a cultural control method. This practice helps prevent the buildup of pests that target a particular crop, promoting a more balanced ecosystem.

Question 23

Define and give an example of a MECHANICAL control (IPM)

Answer 23

Mechanical control in integrated pest management involves the use of physical devices or methods to manage pest populations.

Example: Placing barriers, like insect screens or nets, to physically prevent pests from reaching crops is a mechanical control method.

Question 24

Define and give an example of a CHEMICAL control (IPM)

Answer 24

Chemical controls in integrated pest management involve using pesticides or chemicals to manage and reduce pest populations.

Example: Applying insecticides to control a sudden outbreak of crop-damaging insects is a chemical control method. This approach helps mitigate immediate threats but is often used judiciously to minimize environmental impact.

Question 25

Define and give an example of a GENETIC control (IPM)

Answer 25

Genetic control in integrated pest management involves using genetic methods to manage pest populations, often targeting specific traits or behaviors.

Example: Introducing genetically modified crops that express toxins harmful to certain pests is a genetic control method. The crops deter pests, reducing the need for external interventions like chemical pesticides.

Question 26

List some problems that may result from pesticide usage

Answer 26

1. Residue in food (related: human health concerns)
2. Environmental pollution (related: drift and run-off, persistence in the environment)
3. Pesticide resistance
4. Harm to non-target species (related: disruption of natural predators)

Question 27

What are highly volatile compounds? Give an example.

Answer 27

Highly volatile compounds are those which quickly evaporate into the air due to low boiling points, which can have implications for environmental impact, as HV substances may contribute to air pollution and can be subject to regulatory controls.

Examples: esters, ethanol, acetone, gasoline

Question 28

Name the taxonomic categories in which plants are classified

Answer 28

1. Kingdom
2. Phylum/Division
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species