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Personality > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Defining personality disorders

A
  • unusual
  • problematic
  • impact social relations
  • stable over time
  • ego-syntonic (view it as who they are as a person)
  • any trait taken to the extreme can be pathological
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2
Q

6 personality disorders

A
  1. schizotypal
  2. narcissistic
  3. antisocial
  4. borderline
  5. avoidant
  6. obsessive-compulsive
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3
Q

schizotypal

A
  • people are unconventional
  • hard to relate to others
  • men
  • quirky, odd, eccentric, 0.5-3.5%
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4
Q

narcissistic

A
  • inflated self-esteem, expect praise
  • exploitive, sensitive to criticism, ego-syntonic
  • 0-6.2%
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5
Q

antisocial

A
  • dishonest, lie, cheat, impulsive
  • men
  • heartless, psychopathy, addiction
  • 0.2-3.3%
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6
Q

borderline

A
  • different day to day, self harm
  • women
  • chaotic, instability
    -2%
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7
Q

avoidant

A
  • feels inadequate
  • expect the worse
  • 2.4%
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8
Q

obsessive compulsive

A
  • order, structure
  • rituals, hard workers, ego-syntonic
  • 2.1-7.9%
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9
Q

DSM vs ICD-11 creators

A

DSM: American psychology association
ICD-11: WHO

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10
Q

Bad 5 (DSM)

A
  1. negative affectivity
  2. detatchment
  3. antagonism
  4. disinhibition
  5. psychoticsm
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11
Q

Bad 5 (ICD-11)

A
  1. negative affectivity
  2. detatchment
  3. dissociality
  4. dishinibition
  5. anakastia
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12
Q

DSM diagnosis

A
  1. asses clients personality functioning
  2. asses if at least 1 of 6 disorders is present
  3. asses each of 5 maladaptive traits
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13
Q

ICD diagnosis

A
  1. asses degree of disfunction
  2. can be qualified by description of domain traits
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14
Q

diagnosis

A

labelling: somewhat misleading but useful

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15
Q

ways of testing stability vs change

A

research design:
- cross sectional: compare different age groups (dis: cohort differences)
- longitudinal: measures same individuals over time

analytical approach:
- mean level: time1 - time2 = mean level
- >0 increase
- =0 stable
- <0 decreased

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16
Q

maturity principle

A

people mature in predictable ways

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17
Q

big 5 maturity

A
  • extraversion: increase until middle age, then stabilize
  • neg emotionality: decrease until middle age, then stabilize
  • agreeableness + conscientiousness: steadily increase across lifespan
  • openness: initial increase, stability, later decrease
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18
Q

rank order

A

rank order of people over time
- correlation (r): r>0 more stability r<0 more change
- big 5: increasing stability

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19
Q

continuity vs plasticity principle

A

C: personality is increasingly stable
P: you can always change but it gets hard

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20
Q

drivers of personality change + stability

A
  • enviornmental: have kids, find partners, social investment principle (change in role change personality)
  • biological: brain development and decline (prozac)
  • transactional: active: choose their environments
    –>reactive: experience environment differently
    –> evocative: change their enviornments
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21
Q

can we change our personality

A
  • have to want to
  • have to think its possible
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22
Q

self regulated behavioural change

A

eventually behaviour becomes habitual, trait change

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23
Q

goal setting to change behaviour

A

DONT: im going to be more studious (trait level)
DO: if… then… (if im assigned homework then I will complete it that night)

24
Q

Big 5 likable people

A
  • sociability: outgoing
  • energy level: energetic/active
  • assertiveness: dominant/controlling
  • thankful, polite
25
Q

communal orientation

A
  • motivated to meet partners needs
  • not contingent on partners actions
26
Q

speed dating

A
  • picky, less attracted to others
  • warm, more attracted to others
  • extraversion, more interest
27
Q

contempt

A

cold, arrogant, less committed, dissatisfied with partner, low agreeableness

28
Q

rejection sensitivity

A
  • hyper vigilant for rejection
  • mis-utilize cues
  • leading to anxiety
  • I data can be causal
29
Q

interpersonal cirumplux

A
  • X-axis: cold<-(communion)->warm
  • Y-axis (up->down) dominant<-(agency)->submissive
  • diagonal (right up): Extraversion<–>Introversion
  • diagonal (left up): Calculating<–>Unassuming
30
Q

principles of vectors

A
  1. Angle: angle of vector describes behaviour
  2. Length: intensity of behaviour, longer=more intense
  3. Spin: angle as it changes over time, stability
31
Q

complimentary principles

A
  • if dom, inviting someone to be sub
  • if warm, inviting someone to be warm
  • if cold, inviting you to be cold
  • if introverted, inviting you to be calculating
32
Q

who uses online dating

A

big 5: r=0
rejection sensitivity: r=.14

33
Q

compatibility

A

similarity importance: typical person attracted to typical person, understand eachother
similarity not important: people like extraversion + agreeableness, 2 people high in rejection sensitivity is not good

34
Q

strategic misrepresentation

A

50% of people lie
men: lie about height
women: lie about weight

35
Q

big 5 and lying

A

less likely to lie: agreeable, conscientious, open-minded
extraversion: depends on context, dont lie about hobbies but lie about relationships

36
Q

linguistic cues

A
  • few self references: lying
  • lying: increased negations, few words
37
Q

culture

A

psychological aspects of groups
- languages, modes of thinking, values, norms, ethnicity, transportation, sports, univerisities

38
Q

how do you get cultured

A
  • enculturation: born into it
  • acculuration: travel, adapt, learn it
39
Q

International understanding

A

unattended children, “embracing”, “criminal”, marijuana legalization, gun violence, winter driving

40
Q

external validity

A

WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic)

41
Q

understanding whole persons

A

experience of the world, meaning of behaviours

42
Q

etics vs emics

A

etics: universal core components of an idea
emics: specific aspects or particulars of an idea

43
Q

easy vs tough cultures

A

E: people can pursue many paths to success
T: few paths to success

44
Q

Achievement vs Affiliation

A

Achieve: emphasis need to achieve
Affil: emphasis love and affiliation

45
Q

Tightness vs looseness

A

T: not ok to derive from norms (priority seating)
L: ok to derive from norms (jaywalking)

46
Q

head vs heart

A

head: artistic excellence, creativity, curiosity (san fran, LA)
heart: fairness, gratitude, love (Miami, Virginia)

47
Q

individualism

A
  • how individuals relate to society
  • higher behaviour consistency
  • more autobiographies
  • more social, few arranged marriages
48
Q

collectivism

A
  • needs of many outweighs need of own
  • fewer autobiography
  • less social
  • emotions other focused
49
Q

big 5 strong claim

A

big 5 universal across all cultures
- statistically similar in all countries
- Botswana + Nigeria lowest simularity

50
Q

forager-horticulturalist tribe Bolivia

A
  • big 2: prosocial + industrious
51
Q

multiculturalism

A
  • place representing many cultures
    -many cultures within an individual
52
Q

bilingual 2 personalities

A

-monoculture American : bi cultural
- bi-cultural: monoculture mexican

53
Q

ethnocentrism

A

judging another culture from POV of your own

54
Q

exaggerating differences

A

implies all people form the same country are same
1. trying to find differencees
2. poor statical valdity
3. outgrip homogeneity bias: people perceive more differences in own culture than others

55
Q

within culture changes

A
  • culture isn’t unchanged, increased individualism
  • increasing extraversion, corporate culture consultant
56
Q

integration evolution

A
  • culture, tools more accessible
  • distal –> proximal

Personality (1 decks)

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