Final Exam Flashcards
What are the functions of the kidney?
-filter blood + excrete toxic metabolic wastes
-regulate blood volume, pressure, and osmolarity
-regulate electrolytes and acid-base balance
-secrete erythtopoietin stimulating production of RBC’s
-help regulate calcium levels by participating in calcitriol synthesis
-clear hormones from blood
-detoxify free radicals
What is the function of the kidney when the person is starving?
synthesis of glucose from amino acids
What are the 4 nitrogenous waste products removed in urine?
Ammonia
urea
uric acid
creatinine
What percentage of cardiac input do the kidney receive?
21%
What is the pathway of blood from aorta to nephron?
- Aorta
- Renal Artery
- Segmental arteries
- interlobular arteries
- Arcuate arteries
- cortical radiate arteries
- afferent arterioles to supply each glomerulus of each nephron
Describe the pathway of blood leaving the glomerulus through peritubular capillaries.
- efferent arterioles
- peritubular capillaries
- cortical radiate vein
- arcuate vein
- interlobular vein
- renal vein
- Inf Vena Cava
Describe the pathway of blood leaving the glomerulus through vasa recta?
- efferent arteriole
- either cordial radiate vein or arcuate vein
- interloper vein
- renal vein
- Inf Vena Cava
What makes up the renal corpuscle?
glomerulus
glomerulus capsule
Describe the structure of the glomerulus.
A ball of capillaries.
What is the function of the glomerulus?
Filter blood coming in the afferent arteriole
Describe the structure of the glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule.
Composed of 2 layers: parietal and visceral w/ a capsular space in between them that collects filtrate. Visceral layer made of podocytes.
What are the main parts of the renal tubule?
PCT
nephron loop (loop of henle)
DCT
collecting duct
Does each nephron have its own collecting duct?
No. Multiple DCT from other nephrons drain into a common collecting duct.
What is the difference between afferent arterioles and efferent arterioles?
Afferent bring blood to glomerulus and are larger
Efferent carry blood away from golemerulus
Efferent glomerulus turn into what?
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta
What are the 2 types of nephrons?
cortical
juxtamedullary
85% of nephrons are _______.
15% of nephrons are _______.
Cortical
juxtamedullary
Which nephron are very long?
juxtamedullary
What nephrons are short?
cortical
Which nephrons branch into peritubular capillaries?
Cortical
Which nephrons branch into vasa recta?
juxtamedullary
Which nephrons maintain the salinity gradient in the medulla which helps to conserve water?
juxtamedullary
What term is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
The amount of plasma being filtered by the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule in 1 min. Roughly mining about 125 mL/min
What is the formula to determine GFR?
NFP x Kf
(Net Filtration Pressure X filtration coefficient)
What happens when GFR is too high?
fluids flow through renal tubules too rapidly for them to reabsorb the usual amounts of water and solutes increasing urine output which can cause dehydration/ electrolyte deficiency.
What happens when GFR is too low?
kidney disease, azotemia
