Final Exam Flashcards
When should we consider a radiography exam a sterile procedure?
Anytime we are required to puncture the skin for the exam.
What is surgical asepsis?
Eliminates microorganisms before they enter an open surgical wound or contaminate a sterile field.
Where should the hands be kept once you’ve scrubbed in?
Above the waist
How should two people who are scrubbed in pass each other?
Back to Back
What happens if you leave a sterile field unattended?
It is no longer sterile
What should you do if you think you might have contaminated something?
Say something.
When opening a sterile tray, the first flap you should open is?
Opened away from you.
What happens if you are scrubbed in and turn your back on the sterile field?
It is no longer sterile.
When using betadine for scrubbing a patient, you should work in a circular motion, moving from ______ to _____.
Inside to outside
Are radiographers able to place or remove a urinary catheter?
No
Which is the most common type of urinary catheter?
Folley Balloon Retention Catheter
Where should the reservoir bag of a urinary catheter always be kept?
Lower than the bladder
What is medical asepsis?
Good housekeeping/cleanliness
When cleaning up spills and contaminated areas you should clean from ________ __.
Outside in
Medical Asepsis is also called?
Practical Asepsis
What is a disinfectant?
A chemical substance that is used to kill bacteria on non-living things.
What is an antiseptic?
A chemical substance that is used to kill bacteria on living things.
What are the procedures that are non-sterile procedures?
- Neonate: Protective or Reverse Isolation
- SCBE: Single Contrast Barium Enema
- DCBE: Double Contrast Barium Enema
- NG/NI Tube: Nasogastric Tube
- Urinals and Bedpans
- Emesis Basins
What is a clean tech/dirty tech?
Clean tech: Handle tube and equipment
Dirty Tech: Touches pt
What are the 4 ways to assess vital signs?
1) Temperature
2) BP
3) Respiration
4) Pulse
What are the normal body temperature readings for Oral?
98.6 F
37 C
What are the normal body temperature readings for Rectal?
99.6 F
37.6 C
What are the normal body temperature readings for Axillary?
97.6 F
36.4 C
What are the normal body temperature readings for Temporal (forehead)?
97.6 F
36.4 C
What are the normal body temperature readings for Tympanic?
96.4 F
35.8 C
What are the other terms that define a fever?
Febrile
Pyrexia
What are the normal respiration rates for adults?
15-20 per min
What are the normal respiration rates for neonates?
30-50 per min
What are the 4 ways we can evaluate respiration?
1) Rate
2) Rhythm
3) Depth
4) Character (Quality)
What are the 6 different areas of the body to assess pulse?
Carotid
Radial
Brachial
Temporal
Femoral
Pedal
What are the normal ranges for pulse in adults?
60-100 BPM
What are the normal rates for pulse in neonates?
90-140 BPM
What is tachycardia?
Fast heartrate
What is Bradycardia?
Slow heartrate
3 ways to evaluate pulse rates?
Rhythm (regular or irregular)
Quality (strength)
Rate (bpm)
What is arrythmia?
Irregular heart/pulse
What are the two parameters (top #/bottom #) when taking blood pressure?
Systolic
Diastolic
What is atherosclerosis?
Fatty plaque on the inside of the arteries that leads to a complete occlusion or narrowing
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
What is stenosis?
Narrowing of a vessel
What is the average blood pressure range for adults?
120/80
What is hypoxemia?
Too little oxygen in the blood
What is hyperoxia?
Too much oxygen in blood
What is cyanosis?
Blueness
Purpose of oximeter?
Measures the saturation of oxygen carried in the red blood cells
What is angina?
Chest pain caused by the reduced blood flow to the heart.
What is fibrillation?
Irregular heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow.
Wheezing
High-pitched whistling sound made while breathing. Could be asthma.
Stridor
Squeak on inhalation
Apnea
Pause on breathing
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing (SHOB)
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
Arteriosclerosis
When arteries become damaged from factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and genetic influences.
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged heart
Atelectasis
Complete or partial collapse of a lung
Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
What is disease?
Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of the body.
What is infection?
Establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host, resulting in injury to the host.
4 types of pathogens
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasites
Viruses treated with antibiotics?
No
2 types of fungi
Yeast
Mold
Stages of infectious disease
Encounter
Entry
Spread
Multiplication
Damage
Outcome
Stages of chain of infection
Host
Infectious Microorganism
Mode of transportation
Reservoir
Vector?
A carrier of a disease-causing agent from an infected individual to a non-infected individual or its food or environment.
Fomite?
Inanimate objects that can carry and spread disease and infectious agents.
Nosocomial/Hospital acquired infection
Infections acquired during the process of receiving healthcare that were not present during the time of admission.
Factors that encourage nosocomial infections?
Age
Heredity
Nutritional Status
Stress
Inadequate rest or exercise
Personal choice habits
Health history
Inadequate defenses
Define standard precautions
Incorporate the features of both body fluid precautions and body substance isolation
Steps to take to practice standard precaution
Hand washing
Gloving
Needle Capping
Define airborne precaution
Apply to pt known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
Steps to take to practice airborne precaution
Gloves
Gown
Eye Protection
Mask
Hand Washing
Define droplet precautions
Apply to pt known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing, talking)
Steps to practice droplet precautions
Pt in single room if possible
Mask
Limit transportation of pt
Define contact precautions
Apply to pt known or suspected infections that represent an increased risk for contact precautions
Steps to practice contact precautions
Gloves
Gown
Limit transport
Disposable Equipment
Cleaning and Disinfectant