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Software Engineering > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the objective of System Design?

A

Define, organize and structure the components of the final solution to the construction such that it can serve as a blue print.

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2
Q

Will agile/iteration projects build more or fewer models?

A

Fewer

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3
Q

What are the three types of models?

A

Requirement models, Analysis models, and Design models

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4
Q

What are the two key elements in the environment?

A

Communications with External Systems
Conforming to an existing Technology Architecture

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5
Q

What are the two models used to describe the environment?

A

Network Diagram and Deployment Diagram

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6
Q

What is an Application component?

A

A well defined unit of software that performs some functions

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7
Q

What are some issues regarding package components?

A

Scope and size
Programming language
Build or Buy

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8
Q

What are the models developed during Component Design?

A

Package diagrams
Component diagrams
Deployment diagrams

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9
Q

What does designing the UI include?

A

Analysis and Design tasks, as well as heavy user involvement

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10
Q

What are the typical models used for user interface design?

A

Story boards
Screen and report mockups

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11
Q

In project management how should it proceed?

A

Requirement Analysis to Design to Implementation to System Testing to Delivery and Installation

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12
Q

What are the three goals of every project?

A

To meet the budget
To Finish on schedule
To meet the S/W specification

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13
Q

What is a project?

A

An undertaking, limited in time to achieve a set of goals that require a concerted effort.

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14
Q

What is the focus of project management?

A

Administration of resources
Accountability maintenance
Reacting to change
Making sure the goals are met

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15
Q

What are the four project phases?

A

Initiation
Planning
Closing
Execution

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16
Q

What occurs in the Initiation phase?

A

Assembling the team, defining the expectations, defining the scope

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17
Q

What occurs in the Planning phase?

A

Identifying the tasks
Developing the schedule and budget

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18
Q

What occurs in the Closing phase?

A

Delivering and submitting the project
Writing a report representing the evaluation of the project and the development staff

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19
Q

What occurs in the Execution phase?

A

Developing the project to accomplish the goal
Monitoring the changes to the project
Making corrections to the project
Adjusting the schedule
Leading the team staff

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20
Q

In traditional project management what occurs?

A

The entire project is planned upfront without any scope for changing

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21
Q

In agile project management what occurs?

A
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22
Q

What does current technology frequently use?

A

Relational database management systems

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23
Q

What are Integrity controls?

A

Something that controls and maintain the integrity of inputs, outputs, data and programs

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24
Q

What is Security Controls?

A

Something that protects the assets from threats, internal and external

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25
Q

What are the objectives of Integrity controls?

A

To ensure that only appropriate and correct business transactions are accepted
To ensure that transactions are recorded and processed correctly
To protect and safeguard assets such as the database

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26
Q

What do Input controls do?

A

Prevents invalid or erroneous data from entering the system

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27
Q

How do value limit controls perform the function of input controls?

A

By checking the range of inputs for reasonableness

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28
Q

How do completeness controls perform the function of input controls?

A

By ensuring that all the data has been entered

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29
Q

How do data validation controls perform the function of input controls?

A

By ensuring that specific data values are correct

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30
Q

How do field combination controls perform the function of input controls?

A

By ensuring that data is correct based on relationships between fields

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31
Q

What is the function of Output controls?

A

To ensure that the output arrives at the proper destination and is accurate, current and complete.

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32
Q

What is the function of Redundancy, Backup and Recovery?

A

To protect data and systems from catastrophes

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33
Q

What is the function of Security controls?

A

To protect all assets against external threats

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34
Q

What is the two main objectives for Security controls?

A

Protecting and maintaining a stable functioning operative environment
Protecting information and transactions during transmission across networks and the Internet

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35
Q

What are somethings one can use to implement Security controls?

A

Authentication
Access control list
Authorization
Registered Users
Unauthorized Users
Privileged Users

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36
Q

What are the 8 issues in system design?

A

Identifying design goals
Subsystem Decomposition
Identifying Concurrency
Hardware/Software Mapping
Persistent Data Management
Global Resource Handling
Software Control
Boundary Conditions

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37
Q

Nonfunction requirements is composed of what in System Design?

A

Identifying design goals

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38
Q

The Object model is composed of what in System Design?

A

Hardware/Software Mapping
Data Management

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39
Q

The Functional Model is composed of what in System Design?

A

System Decomposition
Boundary Conditions

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40
Q

The Dynamic Model is composed of what in System Design?

A

Concurrency
Software Control
Global Resource Handling

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41
Q

What are some examples of Design goals?

A

Reliability
Modifiability
Maintainability
Understandability

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42
Q

What are the Typical Design trade offs?

A

Functionality vs Usability
Cost vs Robustness
Efficiency vs Portability
Rapid development vs Functionality
Cost vs Reusability
Backward Compatibility vs Readability

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43
Q

What is a Subsystem?

A

Collection of classes, associations, operations, events and constraints that are closely interrelated with each other

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44
Q

What is a Service?

A

A set of named operations that share a common purpose

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45
Q

What is a Subsystem interface?

A

Set of fully typed UML operations

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46
Q

What is a Application programmer’s interface?

A

The specification of the subsystem interface in a specific programming language

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47
Q

What is a layer referring to the subsystem?

A

A subsystem that provides a service to another subsystem with the following restrictions

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48
Q

What is a partition?

A

A layer divided horizontally into several independent subsystems

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49
Q

What are the two major types of Layer relationships?

A

Compile time dependency “depends on”
Runtime dependency “calls”

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50
Q

What does Coherence measure?

A

Dependency among classes

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51
Q

What does Coupling measure?

A

Dependency among subsystems

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52
Q

Good design has what in relation to coherence and coupling?

A

High coherence and Low coupling

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53
Q

How can high coherence be achieved?

A

By having most interaction be within subsystems rather than across subsystems

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54
Q

How can low coupling be achieved?

A

By having a calling class having little information about the internals of the called class

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55
Q

What is Subsystem decomposition?

A

Identification of subsystems services and their association to each other

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56
Q

What is an Architectural Style?

A

A pattern for a subsystem decomposition

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57
Q

What is Software Architecture

A

An instance of an architectural style

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58
Q

What are some examples of Architectural Styles?

A

Client/Server
Peer-To-Peer
Repository
Model/View/Controller
Three-tier, Four-Tier Architecture
Service-Oriented Architecture
Pipes and Filters

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59
Q

What is the Client/Server Architectural Style?

A

One or many servers provide services to instances of subsystems called clients

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60
Q

What are some issues with Client/Server Architecutures?

A

Client/Server systems do not provide peer-to-peer communication

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61
Q

What is Peer-to-Peer Architectural Style?

A

A generalization of client/server architectural style where clients can be servers and servers can be clients

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62
Q

What is a virtual machine?

A

A subsystem connected to higher and lower level virtual machines by “provides services for” associations

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63
Q

In closed architecture or opaque layering what restriction is placed on the Virtual machine?

A

The virtual machine can only call operations from the layer below

64
Q

What occurs in open architecture or transparent layering?

A

Each virtual machine can call operations from any layer below

65
Q

What is the Pipes and Filters Architectural System?

A

An architectural style that consists of two subsystems called pipes and filters

66
Q

What is a Filter?

A

A subsystem that does a processing step

67
Q

What is a Pipe?

A

A connection between two processing steps

68
Q

What is a Repository Architectural Style

A

Subsystems access and modify data from a single data structure called the repository

69
Q

In the Model View Controller Architectural Style how many subsystems are there and what are they?

A

3 and they are the
Model subsystem
View subsystem
Controller subsystem

70
Q

What is a 3 Layer Architectural Style?

A

An architectural style where an application consists of 3 hierarchically ordered subsystems

71
Q

What is the difference between the MVC and the 3-Tier Architectural Style?

A

The MVC is nonhierarchical while the 3 tier architectural style is hierarchical

72
Q

What are the two types of Static Diagrams?

A

Use case diagram and class diagram

73
Q

What are the two types of dynamic diagrams?

A

State Diagrams, Activity diagrams, Sequence Diagrams and communication diagrams

74
Q

What are the two types of implementation diagrams?

A

Component diagram, Deployment diagram and Network diagrams

75
Q

What are behavior diagram?

A

Types of diagrams that depicts behaviors of a system

76
Q

What are Interaction diagrams?

A

Subsets of behavior diagrams which emphasizes object interactions

77
Q

What are Structure diagrams?

A

Types of diagrams that depicts the elements of a specification that are irrespective of time

78
Q

What is a component?

A

An encapsulated reusable and replaceable part of software

79
Q

What is an interface?

A

Definition of a collection of one or more operations

80
Q

What is a provided interface?

A

An interface that the component realizes

81
Q

What is a required interface?

A

An interface that the component needs to function

82
Q

How do provided interfaces and required interfaces differ in their representation in a diagram?

A

While they both are labeled with their name and is connected by a solid line to the component, a provided interface is a ball while the required interface is a socket

83
Q

What do Component Diagrams represent?

A

They represent several things
The physical software components and the interfaces between them
The structure of the code
The structure of the software releases
The source code and relationships between the files

84
Q

What are the elements of components?

A

Components can have
Interfaces
Usage dependencies
Ports
Connectors

85
Q

What are the two types of conenctors?

A

Delegation
Assembly

86
Q

How is an assembly connector notated?

A

By a ball and socket connection

87
Q

What are semantics for an assembly connector?

A

The signals that travel along an instance of a connector

88
Q

A port indicates what about a component?

A

That the component itself does not provide the required interfaces instead it is delegated to an internal class

89
Q

What does an external view of a component show?

A

Publicly visible properties and operations

90
Q

What does an internal view of a component show?

A

The realizing classes/components are nested within the component shape

91
Q

What do deployment diagrams show?

A

The physical relationship between hardware and software in a system

92
Q

What is object responsibility?

A

A design principle that states objects are responsible for carrying out system processing

93
Q

What is Separation of Responsibilities?

A

Segregate classes into packages or groups based on primary focus of the classes

94
Q

What is Protection from Variations?

A

Parts of a system unlikely to change are separated from those that will change

95
Q

What is Coupling?

A

A quantitative measure of how closely related classes are linked

96
Q

What is Indirection?

A

An intermediate class is placed between two classes to decouple them, but still link them

97
Q

What is Cohesion?

A

A quantitative measure of the focus or unity of purpose within a single class

98
Q

What approach says to create models only if they are necessary?

A

The Agile approach

99
Q

What is Object-oriented design?

A

The process to identify the classes their methods and the messages required for a use case

100
Q

What is Use case driven design?

A

Design carried out use case by use case

101
Q

What are the steps of Objects design?

A

First cut Design Class Diagram
Extend use case with Communication Diagram or Sequence diagram
Final Design Class Diagram
Package Diagram

102
Q

What is a sterotype?

A

A categorization of model elements by its characteristics

103
Q

What is a persistent class?

A

A class whose objects exist after a system is shut down

104
Q

What is an entity class?

A

A design identifier for a problem domain class

105
Q

What is a boundary class/view class?

A

A class that exists on as systems automation such as an input window form or Web page

106
Q

What is a controller class?

A

A class that mediates between boundary classes and entity classes acting as a switchboard between the view layer and domain layer

107
Q

What is the data access class?

A

A class that is used to retrieve data from and send data to a database

108
Q

What are the three layers in Object Oreiented Design?

A

View Layer
Business Logic/Problem Domain Layer
Data Access Layer

109
Q

What is Use case realization?

A

The process of elaborating the detailed design for a particular use case using interaction diagrams

110
Q

What is a Communication diagram?

A

A type of interaction diagram which emphasizes the set of objects involved in a use case

111
Q

What is a Sequence diagram?

A

A type of interaction diagram which emphasizes the sequence of messages involved in a use case

112
Q

What a lifeline in a sequence diagram?

A

A dashed line under an object which serves as an origin point and a destination point for messages

113
Q

What is an Activation lifeline?

A

A vertical box on a lifeline which indicates the time period when the object is executing based on the message

114
Q

In the data layer what are two methods that are created

A

Instantiating the object in memory
Sending a message to the data access object to instantiates the object

115
Q

What is a Statechart diagram?

A

A state machine that describes the response of an object of a given class to the receipt of outside messages or events

116
Q

What is an activity diagram?

A

A special type of state chart diagram where all the states are action states

117
Q

What is a design pattern?

A

A recurring solution to a standard problem in a certain context

118
Q

What are the 4 basic elements of a design pattern?

A

Pattern name
Problem
Solution
Consequences

119
Q

What is a singleton design pattern?

A

When there is only a single instance of a class with a global point of access to it

120
Q

What are the three types of design patterns?

A

Creational patterns
Structural Patterns
Behavioral Patterns

121
Q

What are Creational patterns?

A

Patterns that deal with initializing and configurating classes and objects

122
Q

What are Structural Patterns?

A

Patterns that deal with decoupling interface and implementation of classes

123
Q

What are Behavioral patterns?

A

Patterns that deal with dynamic interactions among ensembles of classes and objects

124
Q

What patterns are creational patterns?

A

Singleton
Factory
Abstract Factory

125
Q

What patterns are Structural patterns?

A

Proxy
Adaptor
Bridge
Facade
Decorator

126
Q

What patterns are behavioral patterns?

A

Chain of responsibility
Command
Interpreter
Memento

127
Q

What is a Proxy pattern?

A

A design pattern that causes the program to act as a convenient surrogate or placeholder for another object

128
Q

What are the three types of proxies?

A

Remote Proxy
Virtual Proxy
Protected Proxy

129
Q

What is a remote proxy?

A

A local representative for an object in a different address space

130
Q

What is a virtual proxy?

A

Represents large objects that should be loaded on demand

131
Q

What is a protected proxy?

A

A protect access to the original object

132
Q

What is an Adapter pattern?

A

An adapter pattern allows classes to work together that couldn’t otherwise because of incompatible interfaces

133
Q

What does the letters in SOLID stand for?

A

S Single Responsibility principle
O Open Closed principle
L Liskov subsitution principle
I Interface segregation principle
D Dependency Inversion Principle

134
Q

What is the Decorator Pattern?

A

Additional responsibilities are attached to an onject dynamically

135
Q

What is the Facade Pattern?

A

It provides an unified interface to a set of objects in a subsystem

136
Q

What is the Factory method Pattern?

A

It determines the types of objects to be instantiated at run time

137
Q

What is an Abstract Factory?

A

Like a factory except that it produces interfaces instead of objects

138
Q

What is the Single Responsibility Principle?

A

Each class should have only one responsibility

139
Q

What is the Open Closed Principle?

A

Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification

140
Q

What is the Liskov substitution principle?

A

Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it

141
Q

What is the Interface segregation principle?

A

Clients should not be forced to depend upon interfaces that they do not use

142
Q

What is the Dependency inversion principle

A

Depend upon abstractions not concretions

143
Q

What is verification?

A

Are we building the system correctly

144
Q

What is validation

A

Are we building the correct system

145
Q

What are the three ways we can deal with faults?

A

Fault avoidance
Fault detection
Fault tolerance

146
Q

What are the four types of testing?

A

Unit testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing

147
Q

What is unit testing?

A

Testing of an individual component

148
Q

What is Integration Testing?

A

Testing of groups of subsystems and eventually the entire system

149
Q

What is System testing?

A

The testing of the entire system

150
Q

What is acceptance testing?

A

Evaluates the entire system delivered by the developers

151
Q

What is black box testing?

A

Testing from a functional/behavioral perspective to ensure a program meets its specification

152
Q

What are drivers?

A

A method or class developed for unit testing that simulates the behavior of a method that sends a message to the method being tested

153
Q

What is bottom up testing?

A

Where you test a product staring from the lower features first then go higher after you are done

154
Q

What is top down testing?

A

Where you test a product starting from the top layer and go lower after you are done

155
Q

What is Functional Testing?

A

Testing of the functionality of a system

156
Q

What is Performance Testing?

A

Testing non functional requirements of a system

157
Q

What are the types of Performance/Stress Testing?

A

Security testing
Environmental Testing
Quality Testing
Recovery Testing
Human factor testing

Software Engineering (4 decks)

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