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Nuclear medicine > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

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2
Q

SPECT

A

single photon emission computed tomography

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3
Q

radioactivity is detected by

A

gamma camera

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4
Q

radiopharmaceuticals

A

Technetium 99m

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5
Q

who is the father of radiochemistry and nuclear medicine

A

györgy von hevesy

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6
Q

who invented the cyclotron

A

Ernest orlando lawrence

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7
Q

who invented gamma camera

A

hal oscar anger

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8
Q

scintillation crystals for PET scanners are made of

A

sodium iodine

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9
Q

localisation of a radionuclide in certain organs depends on it

A

chemical form

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10
Q

radioiodine therapy

A
  • cats with hypyerthyroidism
  • Iodine 131
  • hospitalised for 12 days
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11
Q

nuclear medicine

A

is a branch of medicine dealing with the use of radioactive materials in diagnosis and treatment of disease

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12
Q

scintigraphy

A

able to visualise and quantitate the distribution of different materials in the living organism indicating the normal or abnormal processs of the object

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13
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

chemical substance that contains a radionuclide within its structure and is suitable for in vivo use in the diagnosis or treatment of disease
applied IV, SC, less frequently PO

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14
Q

atom

A

composed of electrons neutrons and protons

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15
Q

nucleus

A

contains protons and neutrons

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16
Q

atomic mass

A

protons and neutrons

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17
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

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18
Q

nuclidr

A

contains a certain number of neutrons and protons

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19
Q

isotope

A

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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20
Q

isobars

A

differ in atomic number but have same mass number )one of two + different nuclides having the same mass

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21
Q

isotones

A

same neutrons number but different proton number

22
Q

radioactivity comes from

A

unstable radioactive isotopes undergoing nuclear decay

23
Q

radioactive decay

A

spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus

24
Q

half life

A

time required for the number of nuclides to readch had the original value

25
activity
Bq
26
absorbed dose
Gy
27
equivalent and effective dose
Sv
28
exposure
C/kg
29
energy of ionising radiation
permissible energy unit = electron volt eV (10-35eV)
30
nuclear reactor
isotopes are produced yt he reactor in two ways 1. separation of fission products 2. exposing the target of stable material to the neutron
31
cyclotron
can produce different isotopes and all positron emitting isotopes are produced here
32
two primary methods of detectors
gas filled scintillators
33
types of detectors
counters spectrometers dosimeters
34
counter for gas
geirger-mueller counter used for determining background radiation levels and for detecting and measuring radionuclide contamination
35
scintillation detector
produces a pulse of light --> interacts with photocathode --> produces electron --> multiplesd in photomultiplier --> results in electrical signal
36
SPECT vs PET
SPECT= uses radionuclides which emit gamma rays PET = uses radionuclides which emit poisotrons
36
SPECT vs PET
SPECT= uses radionuclides which emit gamma rays PET = uses radionuclides which emit positrons
37
ALARA
as low as reasonably achievable
38
radiation protection
time distance shielding (lead most commonly used)
39
fundamental principles of protection
justification = any decision that alters the radiation exposure situation do more good Han harm optimisation of protection = doses should be kept ALARA application of dose limits = total dose shouldn't exceed appropriate limits
40
bone scintigraphy: phases
3
41
phase 1
vascular phase = immediately
42
phase 2
extracellular or soft tissue phase = 2-20 minutes after injection
43
phase 3
bone phase, begins 2-3 hours after injection
44
thyroid scintigraphy
target delivery dose 150Gy administrated activity 37-222 MBq for cat/dog
45
hepatic scintigraphy
reticuloendothelial function hepatobiliary scintigraphy PSS
46
cardiac scintigraphy
74-370 MBq
47
pulmonary scintigraphy
ventilation and perfusion methods injected dose - 20-150MBq dog and cats - 655- 740 MBq horse
48
adenomatous hyperplasia
cats 148-185 MBq IV/SV (thyroid dose 150-200Gy)
49
thyroid carcinoma
1110-1480 MBq cat IV thyroid dose 500Gy dose IV 2775-4625 MBq

Nuclear medicine (1 decks)

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