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FInal Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

The earths rock layer

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2
Q

What is the Hydrosphere

A

The earths water layer

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3
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

the earths air layer

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4
Q

What is erosion?

A

Carry away rock sediments

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5
Q

What is physical weathering used for?

A

To breakdown and keep the same substance.

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6
Q

What is Chemical weathering used for?

A

breakdown and get a new substance

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7
Q

What are the forces of erosion?

A

Gravity, wind, water, and glaciers.

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8
Q

What do Wind and moving water make?

A

sediments in shapes and glacier are angular

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9
Q

What earthquakes produce?

A

P and S waves.

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10
Q

What are P waves?

A

primary waves that go through solids and liquids.

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11
Q

What are S waves?

A

S waves are secondary waves that only go through solids.

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12
Q

What is the crust?

A

The outer layer of the earth.

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13
Q

What is the mantle?

A

earths second layer.

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14
Q

What does the magma in the mantle do?

A

The magma moves in currents which causes the tectonic plates to move.

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15
Q

What is the outer core?

A

The third layer and it’s a liquid.

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16
Q

What is the inner core?

A

The inner core is the forth layer and is a solid.

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17
Q

What is the word when all the continents fit together as one super continent?

A

Pangaea

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18
Q

What is weather?

A

The daily conditions of the atmosphere.

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19
Q

What are the layers of the atmosphere?

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.

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20
Q

What does atmosphere contain?

A

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% other

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21
Q

What is Air temperature measured with?

A

measured with a thermometer

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22
Q

What is air pressure measured with?

A

a barometer

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23
Q

What is Humidity?

A

The moisture in the air that is measured with a hygrometer or a psychrometer.

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24
Q

What is wind speed measured with?

A

An anemometer and wind direction is measured with the wind vane.

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25
Q

What is wind caused by?

A

Uneven heating of the earth’s surface. We name wind by the direction in which it came from.

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26
Q

Three type of clouds?

A

cumulus, stratus, and cirrus

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27
Q

five forms of precipitation?

A

rain, hail, snow, sleet, and drizzle.

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28
Q

What is the Coriolis effect?

A

The turning or deflection of the wind and ocean currents caused by the earths rotation.

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29
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

Contains the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipatation and transportation.

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30
Q

What is Climate affected by?

A

latitude, bodies of water, and mountains.

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31
Q

Where does Air mass gets it’s characteristics from?

A

The area it’s formed over.

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32
Q

What are the Air mass characteristics?

A

polar, tropical, continental, and maritime.

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33
Q

What do high pressure systems bring?

A

dry weather

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34
Q

What does low pressure systems bring?

A

cloudy and damp weather.

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35
Q

What is a cold front?

A

A cold front is when a cold mass pushes a warm mass.

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36
Q

What is a warm front?

A

When a warm mass pushes a cold mass.

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37
Q

What is found in fronts?

A

Precipitation.

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38
Q

Isotherms

A

connect points of equal tempatures

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39
Q

Isobars

A

connect points of equal air pressure

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40
Q

How are Greenhouses useful?

A

It traps CO2 in the atmosphere increasing global warming.

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41
Q

What is rotation supposed to do?

A

Spin on it’s Axis.

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42
Q

What is the Earths Rotation rate?

A

15 degrees per hour (24 hrs)

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43
Q

What is revolutions job?

A

To orbit around the sun.

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44
Q

What is the earths resolution rate?

A

1 degree per day

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45
Q

What happens when earth is closer to the sun?

A

The earth travels faster and the pull gravity is stronger.

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46
Q

Why does earth have seasons?

A

The tilt of the earths axis.

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47
Q

When is the winter solstice?

A

Dec 21

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48
Q

When is the Summer Solstice?

A

June 21

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49
Q

an event in which a planet’s subsolar point passes through its Equator.

A

equinoxes

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50
Q

What is the heliocentric model?

A

When the sun is in the center and geocentric model when the earth is in the center

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51
Q

What are the benefits from stars and the sun?

A

helps us prove that the earth rotates.

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52
Q

The nine planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and *Pluto (Dwarf planet) .

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53
Q

What do Asteroid belts separate?

A

the small solid planets from the giant gaseous planets.

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54
Q

Finish this: The farther the planet is from the sun

A

the longer of the revolution.

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55
Q

What are phases of the moon?

A

The apparent changes in the shape caused by the earths view of the moon.

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56
Q

What are the names of phases?

A

new moon, crescent, moon, half moon, gibbous, and full moon.

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57
Q

what are earth tides caused by?

A

the moons gravity and being cyclic.

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58
Q

When does an eclipse occur?

A

when the earth, sun, and moon line up.

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59
Q

when does a lunar eclipse occur?

A

when the moon passes through the earth’s shadow.

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60
Q

when does a solar eclipse occur?

A

when the moon casts it’s shadow on the earth.

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61
Q

Finish the wave Planet-Solar system-

A

Galaxy- universe

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62
Q

What does temperature determine in a star?

A

the color

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63
Q

What does it mean when a star is red?

A

It’s cool

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64
Q

What does it mean when a star is blue?

A

it’s hot

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65
Q

What chemical does the sun use?

A

hydrogen. which is called nuclear fusion

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66
Q

What are all rocks composed as?

A

Minerals

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67
Q

How are Physical properties of minerals tested?

A

streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, and color.

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68
Q

How are chemical properties tested for a mineral?

A

acid tests

69
Q

What is magma?

A

Hot liquid rock below the crust.

70
Q

What is a igneous rock made of?

A

Cooling magma.

71
Q

How are Sedimentary made?

A

compression and cementation of sediments.

72
Q

How are sedimentary rocks classified?

A

size of sediments.

73
Q

How do you know a metamorphic rock is a metamorphic rock?

A

When it’s exposed to magma which causes heat and pressure.

74
Q

What does the rock cycle show?

A

how any rock can be turned into any rock.

75
Q

As you increase elevation or altitude…

A

air pressure decreases.

76
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic unit of living things

77
Q

flow of life science

A

cells-tissues-organs-systems-organisms

78
Q

Organisms have to carry out some life processes. What do they have to carry out?

A

nutrition, transport, respirations, excretion, regulation, reproduction, and growth.

79
Q

all cells have the following organelles…

A

nucleus, mitochondria, vacuole, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

80
Q

Function of the Nucleus

A

Control activities

81
Q

Mitochondria

A

gives energy

82
Q

vacuole

A

to store waste/water

83
Q

cell membrane

A

control what gets in and out of cell

84
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid

85
Q

ribosome

A

to make proteins

86
Q

What do plant cells only have?

A

Cell wall and chloroplasts

87
Q

forces of erosion

A

gravity, wind, water, and glaciers.

88
Q

What does Nutrition consist of?

A

Ingestion, digestion, and egestion.

89
Q

What are the nutrients that are important?

A

proteins, carbohydrates, fats and oils, and vitamins and minerals.

90
Q

What is the Sun main source for?

A

plants, animals, and humans

91
Q

Three types of asexual reproduction.

A

Binary fission, budding, and regenration.

92
Q

What is Metamorphosis?

A

The life cycle of organisms such as the frog, fly, butterfly and humans.

93
Q

What does a compound microscope used for?

A

two lenses to view small objects.

94
Q

eye piece x objective =

A

total magnification

95
Q

what is cancer

A

abnormal cell division

96
Q

a respond to a stimulus is

A

the way we respond to change

97
Q

Responses can be…

A

involuntary

98
Q

What is a ecosystem

A

where living and non living interact

99
Q

Organisms get energy from what…

A

food they eat

100
Q

producers

A

plants

101
Q

consumers

A

eat producers

102
Q

herbivores

A

eat plants

103
Q

carnivores

A

eats animals

104
Q

omnivores

A

eat plants and animals

105
Q

more than one food chain can

A

make food webs

106
Q

What does a food pyramid show?

A

Energy being passed with plants / most energy on bottom.

107
Q

What are the three symbotic relationships?

A

Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

108
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time

109
Q

what can renewable do?

A

they can be recycled.

110
Q

Two types of cell division

A

asexual and sexual.

111
Q

mitosis

A

cell division with same number of chromosomes

112
Q

meiosis

A

cell division with half the number of chromosomes

113
Q

sperm + egg

A

zygote through fertilization

114
Q

zygote

A

embryo through cleavage and differentiation

115
Q

female parts of a flower

A

pistil-stigma-style-ovary-egg

116
Q

male parts of a flower

A

anther-filament-pollen-sperm

117
Q

pollination

A

when pollen fertilizes the egg

118
Q

what is self pollination

A

flower has both male and female parts-self pollinates. (sexual reproduction)

119
Q

is self pollination sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction

A

sexual reproduction.

120
Q

cross pollination

A

flower pollinates another flower

121
Q

Seed dispersal

A

spreads the seeds by wind, animal, and explosion.

122
Q

how is a trait determined?

A

a trait is determined by the genetic material on your genes

123
Q

Dominant

A

trait that is showing.

124
Q

Recessive

A

not showing

125
Q

what does punnett squares shows?

A

probability

126
Q

Purebred/Homozygous

A

same

127
Q

Hybrid (Heterozygous)

A

2 different

128
Q

What does evolution cause?

A

great variety of living things

129
Q

example of evolution of great living things

A

natural selection, genetic engineering, mutations, genetic diseases.

130
Q

What does the skeletal system do?

A

It supports the body

131
Q

What does the skeletal body consists of?

A

cartilage, joints, ligaments

132
Q

Muscular system

A

moves organs and body parts

133
Q

voluntary is the ability

A

to control

134
Q

involuntaty

A

no control

135
Q

Regulatory consist…

A

nervous and endocrine

136
Q

Nervous System

A

control body activities

137
Q

what does the nervous system control?

A

the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs.

138
Q

what are neurons?

A

nerve cells

139
Q

what do endocrine glands regulate?

A

body activities with hormones that are secreted by the glands

140
Q

what does the digestive system do?

A

breaks down food.

141
Q

what organs are in the digestive systems

A

pancreas, gall bladder, and liver.

142
Q

what are the two types of digestion?

A

chemical and physical

143
Q

digestive juices.

A

saliva, stomach- gastric juices and HCI, small intestine juice, pancreas- pancreatic juice and liver.

144
Q

circulatory system jobs

A

transport materials

145
Q

circulatory system consists of…

A

heart and blood vessels

146
Q

blood vessels

A

carry arteries- carries blood away from the heart

147
Q

respiratory system

A

exchanges gases with the environment. gas exchange happens

148
Q

excretory system

A

removes waste from body

149
Q

reproductive system

A

produces offsprings.

150
Q

where does fertillization happen?

A

in the oviduct

151
Q

1 kg=

A

1000g

152
Q

1m=

A

100 cm

153
Q

1L

A

1000 mL

154
Q

What is the difference between an observation?

A

Inference is assuming something based on an observation.

155
Q

Why is the metric system used in science

A

easier way of measuring in science

156
Q

What is Volume?

A

Space Occupied within a three dimensional shape

157
Q

How do you calculate volume of a rectangular and irregular object?

A

lwh

158
Q

What is matter

A

a substance made up of various types of particles that occupies physical space.

159
Q

What is property?

A

a quality of something like strength, stretchiness, and absorbency.

160
Q

How do you calculate density?

A

D= M/V

161
Q

What is an element?

A

A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into another substance

162
Q

What is a compound?

A

A thing composed of two or more more separate elements ; a mixture.

163
Q

what is a mixture?

A

a substance made by mixing other substance

164
Q

what is average speed calculated by?

A

Total Distance/ Total time

165
Q

resultant velocity

A

acceleration x time

166
Q

smallest part of a compound is called

A

molecule

167
Q

environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, and daylight are…

A

abiotic factors that influence the type of organisms present

168
Q

Which two gases, when released into the atmosphere, are believed to contribute most to global warming?

A

nitrogen and oxygen

Advanced Science: (8 decks)

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