Final Exam Flashcards
(40 cards)
Platyrrhine (NWM) traits
- Arboreal
- broad nose
- no cheek pouches
- long/prehensile tail
- central and south america
- “I” Shaped skull sutures
ex: Ateles, Aloutta
Catarrhine (OWM) Traits
-Arboreal/terrestrial quadruped
- narrow nose
- cheek pouches
- some have tails
- single births
- “H” shaped skull sutures
- Asia to Africa
ex: Macaca, Hylobatids, Orangutans, chimps
Lower Primates/Strepsirrhines
- split upper lip
- tooth comb
-grooming claw - tapedum lucidum (reflective membrane on back of eye)
- Lemurs and Lorises
- no post orbital closure
- bicornate uterus
Higher Primates/Haplorhines
- continuous upper lip
- fused mandibular symphasis
- post orbital closure
-diurnal - larger brain
- fovea capitus
- have placental disks
4 Biomes
- Forest
- woodlands
- savannas
- desert/semi-desert
Day Range
average distance a primate travels in a day
Home Range
plot of all the day ranges over a certain amount of time (annual, seasonal, etc)
Core Area
part of the range that you use most often - area where other groups within species don’t come to
Territory
defended portion of home range
5 locomotion patterns
- Arboreal quadruped
- leaper
- terrestrial quadruped
- arm swinger
- biped
6 social organizations
- Noyau
- Monogamy
- polyandry
- polygyny
- multi-male/multi-female
- fission/fusion
2 groups of catarrhines
cercopithecoids and hominoids
living cercopithecoid traits
- narrow nose
- quadrupedal
- bilophodont molars
- has tail
- equal length limbs
- sharper, longer canine
living Hominoid traits
- broad nose
- y5 molars
- larger brain
- short trunk
- long arms
- no external tail
- crescent shaped olecranon process
living colobine traits
- broad intraorbital region
- leaf and seed eaters
- narrow incisors
- deep jaw
- high cusps
- complex stomach
- long legs and tail
- leapers
living cercopithecinae traits
-shallow jaw
- low cusps
- cheek pouches
- similar length arms and legs
Lemur Radiation
Diet: fruit, leaves insects, broad
locomotion: Arboreal quadrupeds, terrestrial, leapers
broad activity patterns
broad social organizations
Where do Tarsiers fit between Hapolrhines and streppsirhines?
Tarsiers are prosimian grade but haplorhine clade.
primitive traits: small, nocturnal leapers, only partial closure, unfused mandible
derived traits: split placenta, unicornate uterus, retinal foeva, happlorhine lip
Seven subfamilies of platyrrhines
1.Callicebines- frugivore, generalized quadruped with leaping
2.Pitheciines - rainforest quadruped with leaping
3.Cebines - generaic frugivores/hard object feeder, arboreal/terrestrial quadruped
4. Aotines- nocturnal frugivores
5. Atelines - suspensory frugivores
6. Alouatines - suspensory folivores
7. Callitrichines - insects, gums, leapers
Adaptive radiation of Catarrhines (OWM)
- high species diversity
- arboreal quadruped
- eats fruits, leaves, gums, insects, +
- broad social organizations
Adaptive radiation of Platyrrhines (NWM)
- moderate species diversity
- arboreal/terrestrial quadruped
- eats fruits and leaves
- polygynous and multi
Adaptive radiation of Cercopithecoids
- high species diversity compared to catarrhines
- eats leaves, fruits, seeds and insects
- mostly quadrupeds, some arboreal and some terrestrial
- mostly polygynous
Difference: less diversity in old world, more competition and predation in old world, island biography in the new world
hominoid radiation
- eats soft fruits
- suspensory with some knuckle walking
- diurnal
- polygyny, monogamy, fission/fusion
Adaptive/genetic evidence v food print
Adaptive evidence = genetic evidence passed between generations
ex: tooth size, structure, morphology
food prints = actual traces of past activities of individuals
ex: microware, isotopes, food particles
