Final Exam Flashcards
Focuses on a specific type of merchandise (carries one category of merchandise or a few closely related categories, one manufacturer or brand)
Specialty stores
high-end specialty store
boutique
what is an issue in specialty store retailing?
mall-based apparel retailers
why is mall-based apparel retail declining?
decline in mall shopping, lack of new fashions, increased price consciousness
organizations own and operate several store units that sell very similar merchandise in a standardized format
chain stores
chain stores have _________ and no _________
centralized buying, flagship stores
chain stores all have standardized ___________
store decor
defined as having eleven or more units
large chain stores
defined as having two to ten units within a local or reginal are
small chain stores
who do chain stores tend to cater to?
more localized, target markets
sells brand name merchandise at below traditional retail prices and includes apparel merchandise at budget and wholesale price points
discount retailers
what helps keep discounters’ prices low?
quantity discounts and high turnover rates, self-service, lower overhead costs
Wal-Mart and Target are examples of…
National Chain Discounters
Apparel accounts for approximately ____ % of sales for discount retailers
45
specialize in selling national brands, designer apparel, or promotional goods at discount prices
off-price retailers
these stores buy irregulars, seconds, overruns, or leftovers from manufacturers or other retailers
Independent off-price retailers
what are examples of independent off-price retailers?
TJMaxx, Ross, Burlington Coat Factory, Marshalls
manufacturer’s outlets sell their own seconds, overruns, and sometimes make merchandise
factory outlet stores
when retailers choose to open their own off-price stores
Retailer-owned off-price retailers
what are examples of retailer-owned off-price retailers
nordstrom rack, saks off-fifth
retailers who specialize in buying merchandise through bankruptcies and closeouts
closeout stores
what are examples of closeout stores?
big lots, tuesday morning
stores that combine a department store with a supermarket with a wide variety of goods
super store/hypermarkets
super stores can’t sell more than ____% groceries
35
________ is a limited part of super stores’ sales
apparel
contractual retailers have a _________ agreement
franchise
What is a franchise agreement?
when the parent company provides the franchisee with exclusive distribution of a well-recognized brand name in a specific market area and assistance with organizations, visual-merchandising, and training
when retailers lease space within a larger retail store to operate a specialty department
leased departments
these retailers reduce operating expenses and offer goods at discounted prices
warehouse retailers
these retailers distribute products to consumers through means other than traditional brick-and-mortar storefront
non-store retailers
what are examples of former catalog only stores?
Land’s End, JCrew
____% of women shop online and ____% of men shop online
72, 68
What are the most popular online shopping platforms?
Amazon, Walmart, and Alibaba (China)
What is Alibaba’s Black Friday?
“Singles Day” (3x more product sold than Black Friday)
What are some e-commerce concerns?
converting shoppers into paying customers, competition & competitor analysis, price & shipping, abandoned cart, product return & refund policies, choosing best technology for you & your customers
the number one reason for abandoned cart is _____________
unexpected extra costs
extra costs are responsible for ____% of all cart abandonment
48
what is the average cart abandonment rate?
69.99%
____% of people will purchase online if offered extra discount at checkout
54
over 60% of online shoppers say that a retailer’s ___________ has a major impact on their purchasing decision
return policy
what matters about how technology is designed for the customer?
how it looks online and how easy returns are
what is the number one issue facing television shopping?
shrinking audience
What are the top 5 global fashion companies?
Inditex, Nike, LVMH, TJX, Hennes & Mauritz
What was the biggest category of growth for online shopping during covid?
food
what apparel sector had a growth during covid?
athleisure sales
fashion is not only what we wear, it includes…
what we drive, what building we work in, what we eat, and where we live
the style or styles most popular at a given time
fashion
what are the three main components of fashion?
style, acceptance, timeliness/change
any particular characteristic or look in apparel or accessories
style
implies that consumers must buy and wear a style to make it a fashion
acceptance
occurrence of a style at the right time
timeliness
what is the main reason why people in developed countries buy new clothes?
they get bored with what they have
fashion is a product of _______: if people like it, it will grow
_________ is the key to success
the way in which fashion changes is usually referred to as _____________
fashion cycles
fashion is ________
cyclical
a _______ is the direction in which a style is moving
trend
fashion is usually depicted as a _____________
bell-shaped curve
in this stage, fashion implies style and newness, it is not accepted by everyone, it is produced in small quantities at high prices
Introduction of a Style
in this stage, people have already turned to new looks
Rejection of a Style or Obsolescence
in this stage, fashion is at its height of popularity, being copied at all price points and modified
Peak of Popularity
in this stage, the new style is purchased, worn, and seen by many people, popularity can increase copying and adaptations of new styles and ranges of customers
Increase in Popularity
in this stage, people begin to tire of the style and start looking for something new
Decline in Popularity
when consumers will still wear the style, but will not pay full price for it
Oversaturation
products that copy and imitate the physical appearance of other products, but do not copy the brand name or logo
knockoffs
goods often of inferior quality that are made or sold under another brand’s name without the brand owner’s authorization
counterfeit
sometimes called “third shift” or “fell off the back of the truck”
gray goods
gray goods are the _____________ but not sold by ___________
real thing, real company
styles that never become completely obsolete, but remain more or less accepted for an extended time period
classics
a classic is characterized by ___________ which helps keep it from being dated
simplicity of style
short-lived fashions that come and go in a single season
fads
fads generally affect a ________ consumer group and flood the markets in a ________ amount of time
narrow, short
a fashion cycle rejected by all consumer segments almost immediately
flop
people who look for fashion and wear it before it generally becomes accepted, do not need the approval of others
fashion innovators
fashion forward people or “avante garde”
fashion leaders
consumer group that makes up majority of people
fashion followers
people who have no interest in fashion, clothing only serves a functional purpose
fashion laggard
in this fashion theory, fashion trickles down from the elite or upper classes to the lower strata of society
Traditional Fashion Adoption
What is another name for the Traditional Fashion Adoption Theory?
the Trickle-Down Theory
in this fashion theory, designers and manufacturers pay attention to consumer innovation
Reverse Adoption
What is another name for the Reverse Adoption Theory?
the Trickle-Up Theory
Where is the inspiration often coming from in the trickle-up theory?
the young and inexpensive
in this fashion theory, manufacturers copy new styles almost immediately after they are seen or worn
Mass Dissemination