Final Exam Flashcards
What is the dominant theme in John Locke’s works on government?
Improvement in the human condition is both possible and desirable
How did Locke portray the natural position of the human person?
We are weak and in poverty without social and government restraints
How did Locke say individual liberty and well-being are advanced?
Privatization of property
How did Adam Smith describe the human condition and inclination?
People are inclined to barter and exchange and improve conditions by increasing wealth and gov planning doesn’t help as much as individual advancement
Why didn’t Adam Smith equate self-interest with greed?
it is a preference not the same as wealth accumulation
What are some examples of growth under free enterprise?
- businesses, employment, innovation
How did the Declaration of Independence accuse the king of infringing on free trade?
By cutting off commercial trade with foreign nations
Who said the first object of government is the protection of “the diverse faculties of men”?
James Madison
In what work did James Madison describe the necessity of property rights?
“On Property”
According to James Madison, what poses a great danger to property?
Taxation
What impact did the Civil War have on federalism?
It expanded national power
At the time of the Civil War and Reconstruction, what political philosophy was gaining momentum
on the world stage?
Marxism
What is Socialism?
A term that broadly refers to government ownership of industries and collective, rather than ownership of property
How does Marxism perceive the history of the world?
History of class struggle/conflict
How does Marxism recognize individual rights?
It doesn’t
According to FDR, what had the limited government of the Founders created?
A tyranny of the wealthy
What was FDR’s Economic Bill of Rights?
A proposal for entitlement programs for basic necessities
Who is pictured in this image?
FDR
What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act do?
Put limitations on crop production
What did the National Industrial Recovery Act do?
Set fair standards of labor through competition
What is NOT an essential part of the government?
Welfare programs-It is not essential if it is not an essential branch of government, court system, national defense etc.
What are consumption taxes?
Taxes placed on Luxury items-sales tax
What is a progressive tax?
Percentage of tax increases as item does
Why did Alexander Hamilton prefer consumption taxation?
It is an elective tax, and consistent with freedom, provides natural limitation
What are the main elements for stable, economic growth?
Freedom, Low taxation, property rights
What are entitlements?
Government benefits
According to LBJ, how does the government help people self-actualize?
By providing for your actual needs and basic necessities
What were LBJ’s “panels of experts”?
Government bureaucrats who study problems and present solutions
What did the 24th Amendment do?
Outlawed poll taxes
What law banned literacy tests?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
What is the Gross World Product?
Total sum of the world’s economy
What made the industrial age possible?
Fossil Fuels
What is included in “fossil fuels”?
Petroleum, natural gas, coal
Oil increased the importance of what world region?
The Middle East
Who was president of the United States when Iran held an American embassy hostage?
Jimmy Carter
What are the war powers enjoyed by Congress?
Power to control the budget, raise an army, grant letters of mark and reprisal, declare war and support the Navy-They cannot wage war or negotiate treaties
What is conscription?
The draft
As Commander in Chief, the president is in charge of…
Conducting/fighting war
In which Federalist Paper did Alexander Hamilton argue the necessity of an energetic executive?
Federalist #70
What are the benefits of a single commander in chief?
Accountability and expediency (they can act quickly)
Who stated: “Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve
neither liberty nor safety.”
Benjamin Franklin
What did the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 do?
It made it illegal to criticize the government
The United States was in a “quasi-war” with what nation when the Alien and Sedition Acts were
passed?
France
What did Alexander Hamilton argue about secession?
It was a right of states, stated in Federalist Papers
What did Abraham Lincoln do to prevent Maryland from seceding from the Union?
He arrested Maryland legislature, suspended Habeas Corpus, and ignored order to charge seditionists
Why did France expect Americans to support their war efforts against Great Britain?
America’s treaty with them and France supported them in the Revolutionary War
What did the Treaty of Alliance (1778) do?
It established the treaty to help formed during the American Revolution between France and the U.S.
What ultimately caused George Washington to issue the Proclamation of Neutrality?
Genet overstepped his role as ambassador to France and angered Washington
Why was Thomas Jefferson outraged by the Proclamation of Neutrality?
Washington did not get Congress’ consent
When did Americans turn against the French Revolution?
When the French punished American ships for lack of support
