Final Exam Flashcards
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
“Let anyone enter any communications business”–deregulation of the converging broadcasting and telecommunications markets.
Communications Decency Act of 1996
Prohibited any individual from knowingly transmitting “obscene or indecent” messages to a recipient under the age of 18.
Cross-media ownership
A single corporate entity owns multiple types of media companies.
Station ownership rules pre-1996
A company was prohibited from owning more than 40 stations, and from owning more than two AM and two FM stations in one market.
Station ownership rules post-1996
Revised to allow a party to own up to 8 commercial radio stations in a market
Prestige television
A period widely regarded as being marked by a large number of “high quality”, internationally acclaimed television programs.
ARPANET
First public packet-switched computer network.
CompuServe
The first service to offer electronic mail capabilities and technical support to personal computer users.
William Von Meister
Founded and participated in a number of startup ventures; The Source
The Source
American hip hop and entertainment website
IBM 5150
First microcomputer released in the IBM PC model line and the basis for the IBM PC compatible de facto standard.
Quantum Computer Services
Providing on demand services of quantum computers.
America Online
AOL offers Internet users services that include e-mail
Universal resource locators (URLs)
A unique identifier used to locate a resource on the Internet. It is also referred to as a web address.
Consists of multiple parts – including a protocol and domain name – that tell a web browser how and where to retrieve a resource.
Internet service providers (ISPs)
A company that provides access to the internet
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
A text-based approach to describing how content contained within an HTML file is structured.
Tim Berners-Lee
Inventor of the World Wide Web.
Online hubs
A business-to-business website for a particular industry.
Piracy
Unauthorized duplication of copyrighted content that is then sold at substant.
Napster
Napster allowed users to share, over the Internet, electronic copies of music stored on their personal computers.
Web 1.0 & Web 2.0
Web 1.0 sites include Slashdot and Craigslist, while Web 2.0 sites include Twitter and Facebook
Net neutrality
Net neutrality is the principle that an ISP has to provide access to all sites, content and applications at the same speed
Cambridge Analytica
Facebook breached data protection laws by failing to keep users’ personal information secure, allowing Cambridge Analytica to harvest the data of up to 87 million people without their consent worldwide.
I Love Lucy
Lucille ball plays the character Lucy, a silly woman who is always getting involved in funny, complicated situations.
Three-camera set-up
All three cameras will have either one focal point with three different angles or three different focal points.
Videotape
Magnetic tape used for storing video and usually sound in addition.
Syndicationthe
the act of selling something (such as a newspaper column or television series) for publication or broadcast to multiple newspapers, periodicals, websites, stations, etc.
See It Now
one of television’s earliest documentary series, remains the standard by which broadcast journalism is judged for its courage and commitment.
McCarthyism
The use of methods of investigation and accusation regarded as unfair, in order to suppress opposition.
Agenda setting
ability (of the news media) to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda.
Framing
the way news stories are constructed to evoke a particular interpretation or reaction from the audience.
Newton Minnow
He is famous for his speech referring to television as a “vast wasteland”
“Television is a vast wasteland”
The phrase “vast wasteland” was suggested to Minow by his friend, reporter and freelance writer John Bartlow Martin. Martin had recently watched twenty consecutive hours of television as research for a magazine piece, and concluded it was “a vast wasteland of junk”.
The rural purge
The “rural purge” of American television networks was a series of cancellations in the early 1970s of still-popular rural-themed shows with demographically skewed audiences
All in the Family
“All in the Family” is touted as the series that brought reality to prime-time TV entertainment.
Norman Lear
Norman Milton Lear is an American producer and screenwriter, who has produced, written, created, or developed over 100 shows. Lear is known for many popular 1970s sitcoms, including the multi-award winning All in the Family as well as Maude, Sanford and Son, One Day at a Time, The Jeffersons, and Good Times.
The Mary Tyler Moore Show
The series was hailed as the first modern woman’s sitcom.
“Seven Dirty Words”
Seven English-language curse words that American comedian George Carlin first listed in his 1972 “Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television” monologue.
George Carlin
George Denis Patrick Carlin was an American comedian, actor, author, and social critic. Regarded as one of the most important and influential stand-up comedians of all time.
FCC v. Pacifica
a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court that defined the power of the Federal Communications Commission over indecent material as applied to broadcasting.
Indecency & obscenity
Indecent content portrays sexual or excretory organs or activities in a way that is patently offensive but does not meet the three-prong test for obscenity.
“Safe harbor”
the time period in a television schedule during which programs with adult content can air.
Roots
Critics and journalists lauded the series’ frank depiction of slavery, and the resulting (albeit difficult) conversations between black and white Americans about a previously taboo subject matter.
Alex Haley
Alexander Murray Palmer Haley was an American writer and the author of the 1976 book Roots: The Saga of an American Family. ABC adapted the book as a television miniseries.
“Must carry” rules
require cable systems to carry local broadcast television stations.
HBO, ESPN, MTV
first cable radio stations
Terrestrial broadcasting
broadcasting that enables the viewer to receive higher quality video and audio signals than conventional analog TV, with no ghost images and no noise.
Retransmission consent
requires cable operators and other multichannel video programming distributors to obtain permission from commercial broadcasters before carrying their programming.
William S. Paley
Developed the CBS radio and Television Networks and ran them for more than half a century, he was Sarnoff’s only competition.
May 24, 1844
Samuel Morse wrote the first digital communication with the wired telegraph
Samuel Morse
Invented the wired telegraph
James Maxwell
discovered electromagnetic waves; realized light was a type of electromagnetic wave
Heinrich Hertz
Demonstrated the existence of radio waves in 1885, setting the stage for the development of modern wireless communications. The measurement unit of electromagnetic frequencies was named for Hertz.
Reginald Fessenden
Originally had the idea for voice transmission; broadcasted the first radio program only on AM in 1906; first one to put music on the radio.
Lee De Forest
considered the father of radio broadcasting because of his invention that permitted reliable voice transmissions for both point-to-point communication and broadcasting
Radio Act of 1912
the first radio legislation passed by Congress, it addressed the problem of amateur radio operators cramming the airwaves
Department of Commerce
Supervises trade, promotes U.S. business, tourism
US Navy and WW1
Took over control of all ship radio stations
Vaudeville
A type of inexpensive variety show that first appeared in the 1870s, often consisting of comic sketches, song-and-dance routines, and magic acts
Little Orphan Annie
The famous comic strip that entertained children during the Great Depression
Amos ‘n’ Andy
A radio comedy favorite that knitted the nation together.
Charles Coughlin
Catholic priest who used his popular radio program to criticize the New Deal; he grew increasingly anti-Roosevelt and anti-Semitic until the Catholic Church pulled him off the air.
Orson Welles
An actor, director, producer, writer. Created one of the most renowned radio broadcasts of all time ‘ The War of The Worlds”
Todd Storz
developed Top 40 radio
Paul Nipkow & Boris Rosing
Inventors of TV
Wired telegraphy
Samuel Morse wrote “What god had wrought” as the first digital communication.
“What hath God wrought”
First message sent by wired telegraph
The electromagnetic spectrum
All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
Guglielmo Marconi
Italian electrical engineer known as the father of radio
British Marconi
Created by Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 the company installed wireless telegraphs on British naval and private commercial ships.
American Marconi
Created by Guglielmo Marconi in 1899 the company installed wireless telegraphs on American naval and private commercial ships.
Alternator-transmitter
rotating machine invented by Ernst Alexanderson in 1904 for the generation of high-frequency alternating current for use as a radio transmitter. It was one of the first devices capable of generating the continuous radio waves needed for transmission of amplitude modulated signals by radio.
December 24, 1906
First human voice broadcasted; called the “Christmas Eve broadcast”
United Telegraph Company
largest radio communications firm in the United States
Wireless Ship Act of 1910
Congress ruled that all U.S. passenger ships had to carry a radio.
Titanic
British passenger liner, operated by the White Star Line, which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States.
RCA
founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919. It was initially a patent trust owned by General Electric, Westinghouse, AT&T Corporation and United Fruit Company.
David Sarnoff
Head of RCA, he promoted the development of television as a mass medium yet blocked the development of FM radio for years because RCA produced and sold AM radio receivers
KDKA
The first commercial radio station in America (in Pittsburgh).
Frank Conrad
Established the first commercial broadcast station, KDKA, in 1920
Radio Act of 1927
the second radio legislation passed by Congress; in an attempt to restore order to the airwaves, the act stated that licensees did not own their channels but could license them if they operated to serve the “public interest, convenience, or necessity.”
Federal Radio Commission
a body established in 1927 to oversee radio licenses and negotiate channel problems
AT&T and radio networks
The Broadcasting Company of America (BCA) was a short-lived subsidiary of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T). It was formed in May 1926 in order to consolidate AT&T’s radio station and network operations into a single organization.
NBC Red & NBC Blue
“red,” focused on entertainment and music, and “blue,” which only carried news
CBS
Columbia Broadcasting System
Aimee Semple McPherson
evangelist, founder of four square church of god, 1920s, used hollywood like tactics to get more followers, was popular on the radio, faked death. appealed to poor white people, practiced healing, anti evolution
Hear it Now
Hosted by Edward R. Murrow and produced by Murrow and Fred W. Friendly on CBS
Edward R. Murrow
A radio and, later, television journalist and announcer who set the standard for journalistic excellence during TV’s golden age.
War of the Worlds
1938 was a story on the radio directed by Orson Welles, it was so realistic people thought that aliens were actually invading
Top 40 radio
A style of radio programming based on a set list of selections that are played repeatedly over the course of the broadcast day. It became the prevalent mode of radio programming from the late 1950s to the 1960s.
Rock and roll
became a popular music genre in the fifties with the introduction of Elvis Presley
Alan Freed
A disc jockey who began playing a unique style of music at the time called “rhythm-and-blues” on a Cleveland radio show, who gained a wide following from black and white teenagers due to his on-air attitude and style, gaining a wide following for this new genre that evolved into rock-and-roll.
Payola
occurs when record companies give bribes to DJs to get their records played
Nipkow ring
a mechanical television scanner consisting of a rotating disk with small holes upon its periphery through which narrow beams of light pass.
Philo Farnsworth
Father of Televison. Farnsworth developed key patents for both the image disector camera tube and the receiving cathode ray tube
Image dissector
slices pictures to send across electromagnetic spectrum
Vladimir Zworkin
Russian-American inventor, engineer, and pioneer of television technology. invented a television transmitting and receiving system employing cathode ray tubes.
Iconoscope
Used in early video cameras to convert light into electric waves, thereby creating a projected image.
