Final Exam Flashcards
What is biopsychology
What did the accident of Phineas Gage imply
What is trephination
What did Hippocrates say was the source of all intellect
What was the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus
Where did the Egyptians think the spirit was located
Where did the Mesopotamians think emotion was located
What did Galen suggest
What is the Mind/Brain problem
What is the difference between monism and dualism
Was Descartes a monist or a dualist? How did he solve this problem
What is meant by materialism
Who invented phrenology and what is phrenology
What are the important goals of biopsychology
How do biopsychologists achieve these goals
What is agnosia
What is unilateral neglect
What makes up the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system
What is the reticular formation and pons
How is sensory information processed in the central nervous system
What are the roles of the thalamus, tectum, and cortex
Name two divisions of the thalamus
What are some regions important for movement
What makes up the basal ganglia and what is its function
What region degenerates in Parkinson’s disease
What regions are important for motivation and emotion
What is homeostasis?
What makes up the limbic system and what is its function
What are some functions of the cortex
What are the four lobes of the brain
What is aphasia
What are the two neuron types
What and where are the three meninges
Describe the flow of CSF
What is hydrocephalus and how is it caused
What are the two main arteries that supply blood to the brain
What is the blood brain barrier
What can break down the blood brain barrier
What do the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord do
What kind of information can cranial nerves carry
What did Cajal say that was so important
What are the parts of a neuron and how is information carried
What is a dendritic spine
What shape can neurons have
What are the types of glial cells and how do they differ
What ions are important for resting membrane potential and action potential
Which ions are found in greater amounts outside the cell, inside, and what is the charge of each
What voltage levels do neurons usually rest at
-70 mV
What forces move ions into or out of neurons
What ion is most permeable at rest
What kinds of ion channels are there
What is an action potential and how does it work
What ions mediate each type of refractory period and what is the difference between them
Which way does the sodium-potassium pump pump ions
How is an action potential propagated down an axon
What kind of axon propagates action potentials the fastest or slowest
What are EPSPs and IPSPs and how do they summate
What is a synapse
What is exocytosis and what causes it
What happens to a neurotransmitter after it is released and how is it deactivated
Which is faster, an electrical or chemical synapse
electrical
What kinds of receptors are there and how do they differ
What is histology
what is the Golgi stain used for, Nissl, Myelin
What are retrograde tracers used for
What are anterograde tracers used for
What is immunohistochemistry used for
What are ways that we can non-invasively monitor brain activity
What does EEG measure
What is an evoked potential and how is it used
What is computed tomography
What is positron emission tomography
what is vasodilation
Which non-invasive techniques have better temporal precisions
What is the difference between MRI and fMRI
What does a stereotaxic device allow one to do
What are different methods for producing brain lesions
Why would you want to stimulate a brain region
What is unit recording
What is a knockout mouse and why would you use one
What are arguments for and against animal use
What is the IACUC and what are its functions
What is our definition of a psychoactive drug
How do drugs get to their sites of action
Which routes of drug administration are the fastest
Why do some antihistamines not make you as drowsy as others?
BBB
Why is heroin so much more potent than morphine
What is acetaldehyde
How does the drug Antabuse work to treat alcoholism
it makes you sick when you drink alcohol
Name 4 amino acid neurotransmitters
What two nuclei contain dopamine cell bodies
Where does norepinephrine come from
Where does serotonin come from
What neurotransmitter primarily mediates excitation in the nervous system
What neurotransmitter is generally released by cortical projection neurons
What neurotransmitter primarily mediates inhibition in the nervous system
What neurotransmitter is generally released by interneurons
What is a receptor agonist? Antagonist
What are some ways drugs can modulate synaptic function
What is a dose-response curve
What is drug tolerance
What is metabolic tolerance
What is meant by cross-tolerance
What is sensitization
What is drug withdrawal
What are some effects of opiates, and how do they differ from the effects of opiate
withdrawal
Why is alcohol withdrawal associated with over-excitation in the brain
What evidence suggests that tolerance can be conditioned
What are the three stages of Predatory Imminence in Dr. Fanselow’s model
pre-encounter, post-encounter, circa strike
