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ASC 310 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Male gonad of the stallion

A

Testis

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2
Q

The muscle responsible for keeping the penis retracted unless the stallion needs to urinate or breed

A

Retractor penis muscle

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3
Q

The structures in the stallion responsible for gel fraction, pH buffering, and energy for sperm cells

A

Vesicular glands

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4
Q

The structure thought to help flush the urethra before ejaculation

A

Bulbourethral gland

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5
Q

The penis can be divided into 3 sections called:

A

Root, body, glans penis

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6
Q

The muscle that contracts in a wave like way to expel semen and urine

A

Bulbospongiosum

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7
Q

The epididymis can be divided into three parts:

A

Caput, corpus, cauda

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8
Q

The structure that helps regulate the temperature of blood entering the male gonad

A

Pampiniform plexus

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9
Q

Three layers of meninges

A

Piameter, arachnoid, duramater

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10
Q

The vagina can be divided into

A

Vestibule, vaginal vault

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11
Q

What are the layers of the ovary?

A

Tunica albuginea, medulla, cortex

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12
Q

What percentage of the horse’s blood is RBCs?

A

35%

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13
Q

What is tidal volume and why is it important?

A

Amount of air a horse inhales and exhales in a single breath. Important for how much oxygen is available to the horse.

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14
Q

Crypts of Liberkuhn

A

Located in the small intestine and regenerate the lining of the wall

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15
Q

Brunner’s Glands

A

Located only in the duodenum and provide protection from stomach acid

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16
Q

Peyer’s Patches

A

located throughout the small intestine and provide immunity by releasing WBCs

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17
Q

What 2 complex carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the horse?

A

cellulose and hemicellulose

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18
Q

What is chyme?

A

Resulting food material leaving the stomach via the pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Dumps enzymes into the duodenum to assist with the breakdown of lipids

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20
Q

What are the VFAs?

A

Acetate, propionate, butyrate

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21
Q

Action of supraspinatus muscle

A

Extension of shoulder joint

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22
Q

The structure at the end of the soft palate, where the oral and nasal cavities meet

A

Pharynx

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23
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

A

The alveoli

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24
Q

The cardiovascular system is comprised of:

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

25
Q

Primary functions of cardiovascular system

A

Carry gasses, hormones, nutrients, waste products and heat around the body

26
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

27
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart. When cut these SPURT

28
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood from tissues back to heart. When cut these trickle

29
Q

Capillaries

A

Form a network of thread-like vessels found all over the body

30
Q

What is wind sucking?

A

When a mare sucks air in through her vulva

31
Q

Cervix

A

Muscular constriction between uterus and vagina

32
Q

Serous membrane of uterus

A

Broad ligament attachment

33
Q

Myometirum layer of uterus

A

Muscular layer - muscles contract during labor to push foal out

34
Q

Endometrium layer of uterus

A

Connects to foal, placenta attachment

35
Q

Isthmus

A

Sperm storage

36
Q

Ampulla

A

Site of fertilization

37
Q

Infundibulum

A

Catches egg from ovary and sends to ampulla

38
Q

Estrous cycle

A

21 day cycle in mares, divided into estrus and diestrus

39
Q

Anestrous

A

Mare in not cycling, “rest period” for hormones

40
Q

Estrus

A

Sexual receptivity, about 4-7 days long

41
Q

Diestrus

A

Does not want to be bred, agitated and not receptive to stallion

42
Q

FSH

A

Causes follicles to grow on the ovary, releases from the Anterior Pituitary gland

43
Q

LH

A

Causes follicles to ovulate, released from anterior pituitary gland

44
Q

Graafian Follicle

A

Most dominant follicle, active during follicular phase, eventually the egg sent to ampulla

45
Q

Progesterone

A

Maintains pregnancy, released by the CL

46
Q

PGF2a

A

Releases from the uterus toward the end of diestrus if mare is not pregnant, causes complete regression of the CL and starts estrous cycle over

47
Q

Melatonin

A

Helps regulate reproductive cycle year round, released from pineal gland, will stop the mare’s reproductive cycle

48
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Pulls and holds testes up to abdomen

49
Q

Vas deferens

A

How sperm leaves testis

50
Q

Cryptochid

A

One or both testis do not descend from a colt’s body cavity, sperm production decreases, makes castration very difficult

51
Q

Testicular parenchyma

A

Sertoli cells and leydig cells

52
Q

Forebrain

A

Deals with memory and consciousness

53
Q

Midbrain

A

Visual, auditory, and some olfactory

54
Q

Hindbrain

A

Coordinates and regulates motor activities

55
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Sensory nerves, take in information and send to central nervous system

56
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Motor nerves, act on information received by afferent nerves

57
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight vs. flight response

58
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Involuntary actions

59
Q

Wobblers

A

Compression of the spinal cord

ASC 310 (1 decks)

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