Final Exam Flashcards
What is an urban area?
the area surrounding a city
What % of Canadians reside in urban environments?
80%
What are the 3 providers of rec and leisure services in urban areas?
The public sector
The commercial sector
The private (not-for-profit) sector
What is the public sector’s purpose?
Recreation for the good of the public
runs on taxes
What are some examples of the public sector’s recreation?
Libraries, parks, sports fields, pools, arenas
What is the commercial sector?
Provide recreation opportunities primarily for profit
Equity and social value are not key concerns
What are some examples of the commercial sector?
Bowling alleys, arcades, movie theatres, gyms, restaurants, bars
What is the private sector?
Neither profit-motivated or operated by the government
Aimed at particular population or service important to the community
What are examples of the private sector?
Churches, YMCA, the forks
What is competition and cooperation between the sectors?
Sectors overlapping
One activity can be public or commercial
What are some major trends affecting recreation provision?
increasing crime rates, increasing demand for safety, increasing use of home as recreation, changing demographics, increasing cultural diversity
What is cocooning?
people retreating to their home for significant portions of their daily lives
What could cause cocooning?
perceptions of safety, media influences that home is safer and more inviting
How does the urban home design effect home recreation?
Gourmet kitchens, entertainment rooms, spa-like bathrooms
Have met new demands and influences how we live
What are some expressions of Urban Recreation?
Festivals
Sports
Simulated Leisure Environments
What are the issues currently facing urban recreation?
Politics and the role of public recreation provision
Demographics and Poverty
Automobiles, the environment and recreation
What is the built environment?
the neighborhoods and communities we live in
Encompasses both manufactured and natural features of community
What are the Five Levels of Factors in the Social Ecological Model of Health Promotion?
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Organizational/Institutional
Community
Policy
What is outdoor recreation a re-enactment of?
older ways of living (fishing, hunting, camping)
What % of Canadians participate in some form of outdoor recreation?
86%
What are the ways of classifying outdoor recreation?
Facility-based vs. nature based
Nature oriented vs. user oriented (motivations of individual)
Consumptive vs. Non-consumptive (use of elements)
What are the 5 components of the experience of outdoor recreation?
Collection of physical objects
Feelings of isolation in nature
Experiencing fresh air and scenery
Perception of nature
Development of a sense of connection with land
What are the 4 stages of outdoor leisure experience?
Anticipation
Planning
Participation
Recollection
Where does Outdoor recreation occur?
national parks, heritage parks, provincial parks
What is a carrying capacity?
the maximum number of people a given area can accommodate without having a negative impact on the environment or the experiences of other participants
What is physical carrying capacity?
capacity of the built environment
What is ecological carrying capacity?
capacity of biological and physical components to accommodate without negative effects
Psychological carrying capacity?
impact of people on other people
What is the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)?
Introduced to plan for and provide management direction to outdoor recreation opportunities on public lands
Idea that different activities need different environments
Model includes 6 classes of recreation opportunity ranging from rustic to modern
What is zoning within individual parks?
create zones within each park for various activities which also allows for protection of vulnerable areas
5 zone model: special preservation, wilderness, natural environment, outdoor recreation, parks service
What are some impacts of outdoor recreation?
Littering impacts the soil which impacts wildlife
Technology
Climate Change
What % of Canadians have a disability?
22%
What is an impairment?
physiological abnormalities
Disability?
limitations in functional performance stemming from impairments
Handicaps?
resulting disadvantages that may take the form of arbitrary barriers constructed, consciously or unconsciously, by society
What is social construction?
through interaction with society, we learn to behave in certain ways based on the meaning we have attached to certain concepts
What is clienthood?
implies that people with disabilities are dependent on an array of human services, professionals, and volunteers
What are some disability movements?
Consumer disability movement - stemmed from racism
Normalization and Integration Movement
Community Movement - integrate into community life
Current social reconstruction of disability examples
positive image
value of citizenship
participation in community
self-determination and independent living
person-centered supports
individualized funding
What is people first language?
Common language in referring to disability that is respectful and rejects terms of labels that perpetrates stereotypes
What are the core concepts of recreation and leisure provision?
Humanism
Normalization
Self-determination
integration
quality of life
What are the 3 major groupings of services related to people with disabilities?
Participation - community programs/services
Rehabilitation - therapeutic
Sport for development
What are the 3 approaches to delivery of programs focused on participation?
Adapted recreation - only disabilities
Integrated recreation - with and without
Inclusive recreation - accommodations
What are the 3 approaches in rehabilitation services?
Functional Intervention - daily for independent living
Leisure Education - skill learning
Participation -
What are the sport for development approaches?
Sport as a tool for building - peace
Sport for all - inclusion
What is leisure education?
the process through which individuals acquire knowledge, skills, and attitudes that motivate and facilitate their leisure functioning. Leisure functioning is the method by which an individual experiences leisure
What can people learn through leisure education?
value of free time
benefits
overcome stereotypes of certain activities
possess planning, decision-making, and problem-solving skills
What is leisure planning?
the direct intervention and organization of a recreation system
What is a macro approach?
models that are directed from leaders/experts. Top-down
What are the macro approaches to planning?
Social reform - expert with special knowledge
Policy Analysis - collection and analysis for decision making
What are the bottom-up approaches to planning?
Social Learning - links action to knowledge and discovery
Social Mobilization - start with political position, citizen driven
What is the difference between stimulated and managed change?
Stimulated change focuses on the system rather than the individual departments that constitute the system
What is community development?
characterized by citizen participation, community initiative and social change that benefit the individual and the community as a whole
What is the Cooperative Movement?
address their social and economic needs in a cooperative and collaborative manner
What is the Settlement Movement?
emerged from the need to provide shelter and food for people coming to canada
What is the Playground Movement?
efforts to provide safe place to play for children in less affluent neighborhoods
What is community?
can take many different forms: social groupings, ethnic groups, neighbors, special interests,
How do we know if we belong to a community?
Sense of psychological attachment
Spatial location in which we feel rooted
Association by virtue of shared or common interest
What does a process mean in community development?
the process of learning to work together to achieve common goals
What are Rothman’s 3 primary types of intervention?
Locality Development - self-help approach
Social Planning - focused on task or outcome
Social Actions - concerned with process and outcome, conflicting interests
What are the approaches to Community Development?
Direct Service Approaches - social planning where professionals assist in delivery of program
Indirect Service Approaches - self-help approach
Self-Sufficiency Approaches - citizens identify their own issues and solve themselves
What is the difference between the community development perspective and community based services?
Community based services are less about community input and decisions may be made by outside entity
What is volunteering?
an activity that one engages in freely to benefit another person, group or cause
Why would volunteering be classified as leisure?
both leisure and volunteering are freely chosen, primarily intrinsically motivated and can provide individual benefits
What are the two types of volunteering?
Formal/organizational - initiated with a voluntary group, or a public/private institution
Informal - any unpaid work a person does to benefit themselves or another
What % of sport and recreation groups staff are unpaid?
73.5%
What % of arts and culture groups staff are unpaid?
63.1%
What are the trends of volunteering?
Decline of volunteering - based on demands of people’s lives
Virtual Volunteering - technological work
Family Volunteering - whole family volunteers
Episodic Volunteering - desire of more flexibility
