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Rec and Leisure > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is an urban area?

A

the area surrounding a city

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2
Q

What % of Canadians reside in urban environments?

A

80%

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3
Q

What are the 3 providers of rec and leisure services in urban areas?

A

The public sector
The commercial sector
The private (not-for-profit) sector

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4
Q

What is the public sector’s purpose?

A

Recreation for the good of the public
runs on taxes

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5
Q

What are some examples of the public sector’s recreation?

A

Libraries, parks, sports fields, pools, arenas

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6
Q

What is the commercial sector?

A

Provide recreation opportunities primarily for profit
Equity and social value are not key concerns

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7
Q

What are some examples of the commercial sector?

A

Bowling alleys, arcades, movie theatres, gyms, restaurants, bars

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8
Q

What is the private sector?

A

Neither profit-motivated or operated by the government
Aimed at particular population or service important to the community

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9
Q

What are examples of the private sector?

A

Churches, YMCA, the forks

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10
Q

What is competition and cooperation between the sectors?

A

Sectors overlapping
One activity can be public or commercial

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11
Q

What are some major trends affecting recreation provision?

A

increasing crime rates, increasing demand for safety, increasing use of home as recreation, changing demographics, increasing cultural diversity

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12
Q

What is cocooning?

A

people retreating to their home for significant portions of their daily lives

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13
Q

What could cause cocooning?

A

perceptions of safety, media influences that home is safer and more inviting

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14
Q

How does the urban home design effect home recreation?

A

Gourmet kitchens, entertainment rooms, spa-like bathrooms
Have met new demands and influences how we live

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15
Q

What are some expressions of Urban Recreation?

A

Festivals
Sports
Simulated Leisure Environments

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16
Q

What are the issues currently facing urban recreation?

A

Politics and the role of public recreation provision
Demographics and Poverty
Automobiles, the environment and recreation

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17
Q

What is the built environment?

A

the neighborhoods and communities we live in
Encompasses both manufactured and natural features of community

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18
Q

What are the Five Levels of Factors in the Social Ecological Model of Health Promotion?

A

Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Organizational/Institutional
Community
Policy

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19
Q

What is outdoor recreation a re-enactment of?

A

older ways of living (fishing, hunting, camping)

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20
Q

What % of Canadians participate in some form of outdoor recreation?

A

86%

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21
Q

What are the ways of classifying outdoor recreation?

A

Facility-based vs. nature based
Nature oriented vs. user oriented (motivations of individual)
Consumptive vs. Non-consumptive (use of elements)

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22
Q

What are the 5 components of the experience of outdoor recreation?

A

Collection of physical objects
Feelings of isolation in nature
Experiencing fresh air and scenery
Perception of nature
Development of a sense of connection with land

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23
Q

What are the 4 stages of outdoor leisure experience?

A

Anticipation
Planning
Participation
Recollection

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24
Q

Where does Outdoor recreation occur?

A

national parks, heritage parks, provincial parks

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25
Q

What is a carrying capacity?

A

the maximum number of people a given area can accommodate without having a negative impact on the environment or the experiences of other participants

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26
Q

What is physical carrying capacity?

A

capacity of the built environment

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27
Q

What is ecological carrying capacity?

A

capacity of biological and physical components to accommodate without negative effects

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28
Q

Psychological carrying capacity?

A

impact of people on other people

29
Q

What is the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)?

A

Introduced to plan for and provide management direction to outdoor recreation opportunities on public lands
Idea that different activities need different environments
Model includes 6 classes of recreation opportunity ranging from rustic to modern

30
Q

What is zoning within individual parks?

A

create zones within each park for various activities which also allows for protection of vulnerable areas
5 zone model: special preservation, wilderness, natural environment, outdoor recreation, parks service

31
Q

What are some impacts of outdoor recreation?

A

Littering impacts the soil which impacts wildlife
Technology
Climate Change

32
Q

What % of Canadians have a disability?

A

22%

33
Q

What is an impairment?

A

physiological abnormalities

34
Q

Disability?

A

limitations in functional performance stemming from impairments

35
Q

Handicaps?

A

resulting disadvantages that may take the form of arbitrary barriers constructed, consciously or unconsciously, by society

36
Q

What is social construction?

A

through interaction with society, we learn to behave in certain ways based on the meaning we have attached to certain concepts

37
Q

What is clienthood?

A

implies that people with disabilities are dependent on an array of human services, professionals, and volunteers

38
Q

What are some disability movements?

A

Consumer disability movement - stemmed from racism
Normalization and Integration Movement
Community Movement - integrate into community life

39
Q

Current social reconstruction of disability examples

A

positive image
value of citizenship
participation in community
self-determination and independent living
person-centered supports
individualized funding

40
Q

What is people first language?

A

Common language in referring to disability that is respectful and rejects terms of labels that perpetrates stereotypes

41
Q

What are the core concepts of recreation and leisure provision?

A

Humanism
Normalization
Self-determination
integration
quality of life

42
Q

What are the 3 major groupings of services related to people with disabilities?

A

Participation - community programs/services
Rehabilitation - therapeutic
Sport for development

43
Q

What are the 3 approaches to delivery of programs focused on participation?

A

Adapted recreation - only disabilities
Integrated recreation - with and without
Inclusive recreation - accommodations

44
Q

What are the 3 approaches in rehabilitation services?

A

Functional Intervention - daily for independent living
Leisure Education - skill learning
Participation -

45
Q

What are the sport for development approaches?

A

Sport as a tool for building - peace
Sport for all - inclusion

46
Q

What is leisure education?

A

the process through which individuals acquire knowledge, skills, and attitudes that motivate and facilitate their leisure functioning. Leisure functioning is the method by which an individual experiences leisure

47
Q

What can people learn through leisure education?

A

value of free time
benefits
overcome stereotypes of certain activities
possess planning, decision-making, and problem-solving skills

48
Q

What is leisure planning?

A

the direct intervention and organization of a recreation system

49
Q

What is a macro approach?

A

models that are directed from leaders/experts. Top-down

50
Q

What are the macro approaches to planning?

A

Social reform - expert with special knowledge
Policy Analysis - collection and analysis for decision making

51
Q

What are the bottom-up approaches to planning?

A

Social Learning - links action to knowledge and discovery
Social Mobilization - start with political position, citizen driven

52
Q

What is the difference between stimulated and managed change?

A

Stimulated change focuses on the system rather than the individual departments that constitute the system

53
Q

What is community development?

A

characterized by citizen participation, community initiative and social change that benefit the individual and the community as a whole

54
Q

What is the Cooperative Movement?

A

address their social and economic needs in a cooperative and collaborative manner

55
Q

What is the Settlement Movement?

A

emerged from the need to provide shelter and food for people coming to canada

56
Q

What is the Playground Movement?

A

efforts to provide safe place to play for children in less affluent neighborhoods

57
Q

What is community?

A

can take many different forms: social groupings, ethnic groups, neighbors, special interests,

58
Q

How do we know if we belong to a community?

A

Sense of psychological attachment
Spatial location in which we feel rooted
Association by virtue of shared or common interest

59
Q

What does a process mean in community development?

A

the process of learning to work together to achieve common goals

60
Q

What are Rothman’s 3 primary types of intervention?

A

Locality Development - self-help approach
Social Planning - focused on task or outcome
Social Actions - concerned with process and outcome, conflicting interests

61
Q

What are the approaches to Community Development?

A

Direct Service Approaches - social planning where professionals assist in delivery of program
Indirect Service Approaches - self-help approach
Self-Sufficiency Approaches - citizens identify their own issues and solve themselves

62
Q

What is the difference between the community development perspective and community based services?

A

Community based services are less about community input and decisions may be made by outside entity

63
Q

What is volunteering?

A

an activity that one engages in freely to benefit another person, group or cause

64
Q

Why would volunteering be classified as leisure?

A

both leisure and volunteering are freely chosen, primarily intrinsically motivated and can provide individual benefits

65
Q

What are the two types of volunteering?

A

Formal/organizational - initiated with a voluntary group, or a public/private institution
Informal - any unpaid work a person does to benefit themselves or another

66
Q

What % of sport and recreation groups staff are unpaid?

A

73.5%

67
Q

What % of arts and culture groups staff are unpaid?

A

63.1%

68
Q

What are the trends of volunteering?

A

Decline of volunteering - based on demands of people’s lives
Virtual Volunteering - technological work
Family Volunteering - whole family volunteers
Episodic Volunteering - desire of more flexibility

Rec and Leisure (1 decks)

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